{ "$schema": "folio-library-document/v1", "id": "9789240010567-eng", "title": "Digital implementation investment guide (DIIG): integrating digital interventions into health programmes", "variant": "pdf", "pages": null, "tocSource": "none", "tocMethod": null, "toc": [], "sections": [ { "id": "page-001", "number": null, "title": "Page 1", "level": 1, "pageStart": 1, "pageEnd": 1, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 11, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "Digital implementation investment guide (DIIG): integrating digital interventions into health programmes", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-002", "number": null, "title": "Page 2", "level": 1, "pageStart": 2, "pageEnd": 2, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "b", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-003", "number": null, "title": "Page 3", "level": 1, "pageStart": 3, "pageEnd": 3, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 11, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "Digital implementation investment guide (DIIG): integrating digital interventions into health programmes", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-004", "number": null, "title": "Page 4", "level": 1, "pageStart": 4, "pageEnd": 4, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 499, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "suggested citation", "heading": false }, { "term": "creative commons", "heading": false }, { "term": "licence", "heading": false }, { "term": "material", "heading": false }, { "term": "igo", "heading": false }, { "term": "cip", "heading": false }, { "term": "work", "heading": false }, { "term": "isbn", "heading": false } ], "extract": "Digital implementation investment guide (DIIG): integrating digital interventions into health programmes ISBN 978-92-4-001056-7 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-001057-4 (print version) © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-005", "number": null, "title": "Page 5", "level": 1, "pageStart": 5, "pageEnd": 5, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1941, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "map", "heading": false }, { "term": "determine", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapter", "heading": false }, { "term": "considerations", "heading": false }, { "term": "list", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme", "heading": false }, { "term": "governance", "heading": false } ], "extract": "iii List of figures, tables and boxes v Foreword vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Guide’s role in planning and implementing a digital health enterprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 How to use this Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-006", "number": null, "title": "Page 6", "level": 1, "pageStart": 6, "pageEnd": 6, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1466, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "annex", "heading": false }, { "term": "logic model", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "worksheet", "heading": false }, { "term": "template", "heading": false }, { "term": "budget", "heading": false }, { "term": "matrix", "heading": false } ], "extract": "iv CHAPTER 6: LINK THE DIGITAL HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION TO THE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE 81 6.1 Assess the digital health enterprise architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6.2 Identify common and enabling components and shared services (digital health platform). . . . . . 86 6.3 Link your digital health investments to the enterprise architecture. . . . .", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-007", "number": null, "title": "Page 7", "level": 1, "pageStart": 7, "pageEnd": 7, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1555, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "fig", "heading": false }, { "term": "box", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "personas", "heading": false }, { "term": "table", "heading": false }, { "term": "universal", "heading": false }, { "term": "matrix", "heading": false } ], "extract": "v Figures, tables and boxes Fig. 1.1.1. Planning and implementing a digital health enterprise: phases, steps and resources.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Table 1.1.2. Resources for planning and implementing a digital health enterprise.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Box 1.1.3. Resources detailing content for specific health programme areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-008", "number": null, "title": "Page 8", "level": 1, "pageStart": 8, "pageEnd": 8, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1917, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "fig", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "kotter", "heading": false }, { "term": "change model", "heading": false }, { "term": "box", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "cycle", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid", "heading": false } ], "extract": "vi Fig. 5.1. Essential components of a digital health implementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 5.2. Illustrative implementation considerations for digital health.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Box 5.3. Description of digital health interventions reviewed in the WHO guideline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-009", "number": null, "title": "Page 9", "level": 1, "pageStart": 9, "pageEnd": 9, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 487, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "member states", "heading": false }, { "term": "harmonized", "heading": false }, { "term": "diig", "heading": false }, { "term": "technologies", "heading": false }, { "term": "invest", "heading": false }, { "term": "manner", "heading": false }, { "term": "global strategy", "heading": false }, { "term": "guideline", "heading": false } ], "extract": "vii Foreword The transformative nature of digital technologies for health is undeniable. Today, over half of the world’s population have access to a mobile phone. Increasing access to mobile technologies has radically changed the way in which people may manage their own health, as well as the way in which health services are delivered. Health systems recognize that digital health technologies are critical for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-010", "number": null, "title": "Page 10", "level": 1, "pageStart": 10, "pageEnd": 10, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 473, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "independent consultant", "heading": false }, { "term": "sierra leone", "heading": false }, { "term": "unfpa united", "heading": false }, { "term": "population fund", "heading": false }, { "term": "fight aids", "heading": false }, { "term": "global fund", "heading": false }, { "term": "united nations", "heading": false }, { "term": "impact alliance", "heading": false } ], "extract": "viii Acknowledgements The World Health Organization (WHO) and PATH thank the contributions of many individuals across different organizations. This Guide was authored by Garrett Mehl, Maeghan Orton, Natschja Ratanaprayul and Tigest Tamrat of the WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research; Hallie Goertz, Celina Kareiva, Carl Leitner and Brian Taliesin of PATH; and Smisha Agarwal and Alain Labrique", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-011", "number": null, "title": "Page 11", "level": 1, "pageStart": 11, "pageEnd": 11, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 153, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "immunization", "heading": false }, { "term": "ministry", "heading": false }, { "term": "international", "heading": false }, { "term": "open", "heading": false }, { "term": "network", "heading": false }, { "term": "organization", "heading": false }, { "term": "group", "heading": false } ], "extract": "ix List of abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AEHIN Asia eHealth Information Network BID Better Immunization Data CRDM Collaborative Requirements Development Methodology CRVS civil registration and vital statistics DHA Digital Health Atlas DHI digital health intervention DIIG Digital Implementation Investment Guide DPPI Directorate of Planning, Policy and Information EIR electronic immunization application EPI", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-012", "number": null, "title": "Page 12", "level": 1, "pageStart": 12, "pageEnd": 12, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "x", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-013", "number": null, "title": "Page 13", "level": 1, "pageStart": 13, "pageEnd": 13, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 388, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "architectures", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "siloed", "heading": false }, { "term": "modular", "heading": false }, { "term": "costing", "heading": false }, { "term": "exchanged", "heading": false }, { "term": "technologies", "heading": false }, { "term": "focuses", "heading": false } ], "extract": "1 A digital health enterprise comprises the business processes, data, systems and technologies used to support the operations of the health system, including the point-of-service software applications, devices and hardware and the underlying information infrastructure (such as the digital health platform) that deliver health services accelerated and amplified by digital and data technologies. Digital health", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-014", "number": null, "title": "Page 14", "level": 1, "pageStart": 14, "pageEnd": 14, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1538, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "healthcare provider", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit untargeted", "heading": false }, { "term": "manage client", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit targeted", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit routine", "heading": false }, { "term": "client communication", "heading": false }, { "term": "event alerts", "heading": false }, { "term": "death event", "heading": false } ], "extract": "2 Digital implementation investment guide This Guide serves as a companion to the WHO guideline: recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening (1) and provides a pragmatic process for reviewing WHO guideline–recommended digital health interventions and incorporating them into harmonized plans grounded in national systems and policy goals. Additionally, this document builds on Planning an", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-015", "number": null, "title": "Page 15", "level": 1, "pageStart": 15, "pageEnd": 15, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 291, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "development community", "heading": false }, { "term": "driven", "heading": false }, { "term": "open", "heading": false }, { "term": "principles", "heading": false }, { "term": "initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "collaborative", "heading": false }, { "term": "security", "heading": false }, { "term": "privacy", "heading": false } ], "extract": "3 Introduction The process outlined in the Guide is also informed by the Principles for Digital Development, which help stakeholders effectively and appropriately apply digital technologies in their health programmes (digitalprinciples.org/principles). Core tenets of these nine principles will be referenced throughout this Guide. Design with the User: User-centered design starts with getting to know the people you", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-016", "number": null, "title": "Page 16", "level": 1, "pageStart": 16, "pageEnd": 16, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 181, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "future state", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise", "heading": false }, { "term": "implementing", "heading": false }, { "term": "phases", "heading": false }, { "term": "environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling", "heading": false } ], "extract": "4 Digital implementation investment guide 1.1 The Guide’s role in planning and implementing a digital health enterprise A fully realized digital health enterprise delivers health in the digital age. The implementation of a digital health enterprise includes the people who design, build, deploy and maintain the systems, accompanied by a governance framework, an enabling policy environment and an operational plan. The", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-017", "number": null, "title": "Page 17", "level": 1, "pageStart": 17, "pageEnd": 17, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 440, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "future state", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "current state", "heading": false }, { "term": "identify validated", "heading": false }, { "term": "itu", "heading": false }, { "term": "steps", "heading": false }, { "term": "toolkit", "heading": false }, { "term": "implementations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "5 Introduction WHO Core indicator sets Global Digital Health Index WHO Digital Health Atlas Digital Health Investment Review Tool HIS Stages of Continuous Improvement STEPS + Conduct an inventory of existing or previously used software applications, ICT systems and other tools to better understand the requirements for reuse and interoperability. STEPS + Develop a national digital health strategy outlining", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-018", "number": null, "title": "Page 18", "level": 1, "pageStart": 18, "pageEnd": 18, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 333, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "itu", "heading": false }, { "term": "toolkit", "heading": false }, { "term": "investment guide", "heading": false }, { "term": "bank", "heading": false }, { "term": "recommendations", "heading": false }, { "term": "principles", "heading": false }, { "term": "open", "heading": false } ], "extract": "6 Digital implementation investment guide Table 1.1.2. Resources for planning and implementing a digital health enterprise.2 2 Additional resources for further reading included in Annex 1.2. Phase Resources PHASE 1 Assessing the current state and enabling environment » WHO/ITU National eHealth strategy toolkit (3) » WHO Digital Health Atlas (8) » Global Digital Health Index (9) » Digital health investment review", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-019", "number": null, "title": "Page 19", "level": 1, "pageStart": 19, "pageEnd": 19, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 260, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "diig", "heading": false }, { "term": "roadmap", "heading": false }, { "term": "phases", "heading": false }, { "term": "ecosystem", "heading": false }, { "term": "electronic", "heading": false }, { "term": "application", "heading": false }, { "term": "national", "heading": false }, { "term": "strategy", "heading": false } ], "extract": "7 Introduction Box 1.1.3. Resources detailing content for specific health programme areas. + Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) digitisation guidebook (31) + Common requirements for maternal health information systems (32) + Electronic immunization registry: practical considerations for planning, development, implementation and evaluation (33) + Electronic recording and reporting for tuberculosis care", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-020", "number": null, "title": "Page 20", "level": 1, "pageStart": 20, "pageEnd": 20, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 526, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "costing", "heading": false }, { "term": "case study", "heading": false }, { "term": "step-by-step", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapters", "heading": false }, { "term": "outputs", "heading": false }, { "term": "guide", "heading": false } ], "extract": "8 Digital implementation investment guide 1.2 How to use this Guide This Guide covers the different phases outlined in Fig. 1.1.1 by leveraging supporting resources, focusing the most detail on phases 2–5. This document is designed to be used in two ways: + to support a facilitated planning process, resulting in a costed implementation plan suitable for a funder, whether a government finance ministry or an agency", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-021", "number": null, "title": "Page 21", "level": 1, "pageStart": 21, "pageEnd": 21, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 486, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "inputs historical", "heading": false }, { "term": "state task", "heading": false }, { "term": "prioritized pain", "heading": false }, { "term": "user journeys", "heading": false }, { "term": "pain points", "heading": false }, { "term": "task flow", "heading": false }, { "term": "flow diagrams", "heading": false }, { "term": "diagrams enabling", "heading": false } ], "extract": "9 Introduction Fig. 1.2.1. Overview of the chapters in this Digital Implementation Investment Guide. By the end of this Guide, you will be able to complete essential activities (see Fig. 1.2.1) that produce outputs that comprise a costed implementation plan (see Fig. 1.2.2). CHAPTER 04 INPUTS + Targeted health programme processes + Current state task flows, user journeys, and programme processes + Prioritized pain", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-022", "number": null, "title": "Page 22", "level": 1, "pageStart": 22, "pageEnd": 22, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 164, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "chapter", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposition", "heading": false }, { "term": "workflow", "heading": false }, { "term": "value", "heading": false }, { "term": "context", "heading": false } ], "extract": "10 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 1.2.2. Summary of outputs within a costed implementation plan. 01 Actors 04 Digital Context 05 Implementation 02 Priorities 06 Architecture 07 Budget 08 Monitoring 09 Value Proposition 03 Programme Context Common Services Across Sectors 4.3 Functional Requirements 4.1 Prioritized Digital Interventions 6.1 Current Architecture 6.4 Point of Service Applications 6.5", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-023", "number": null, "title": "Page 23", "level": 1, "pageStart": 23, "pageEnd": 23, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 609, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "mud", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme area", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "infostructure", "heading": false }, { "term": "point-of-service", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise", "heading": false }, { "term": "key terms", "heading": false }, { "term": "siloed", "heading": false } ], "extract": "11 Introduction 1.3 Key terms for using this Guide A full glossary is included as Annex 1.1, but several key terms are useful to understand at the outset. This Guide assists readers to develop a costed implementation plan to support a digital health enterprise comprising appropriate digital health interventions targeting health system challenges and deployed within digital applications to strengthen the performance", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-024", "number": null, "title": "Page 24", "level": 1, "pageStart": 24, "pageEnd": 24, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 605, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "coordinated manner", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision support", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "challenge", "heading": false }, { "term": "human resources", "heading": false }, { "term": "actions", "heading": false }, { "term": "organizations", "heading": false }, { "term": "agencies", "heading": false } ], "extract": "12 Digital implementation investment guide using standards to connect through a health information exchange to address collective needs across the health system, operating in a coordinated manner within a digital health architecture. DIGITAL HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION: The development and deployment of digital health application(s) and/ or platform(s) to support and strengthen a health enterprise within a given context,", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-025", "number": null, "title": "Page 25", "level": 1, "pageStart": 25, "pageEnd": 25, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 226, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "ineffective", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme goals", "heading": false }, { "term": "debt", "heading": false }, { "term": "siloed", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise", "heading": false }, { "term": "application", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared", "heading": false }, { "term": "service", "heading": false } ], "extract": "13 Introduction Fig. 1.3.1. Digital health enterprise system architectures. ALIGNMENT WITH DIGITAL HEALTH STRATEGY HEALTH USE CASE HEALTH PROGRAMME APPLICATION APPLICATION APPLICATION PROJECT GOALS HEALTH PROGRAMME GOALS SILOED A digital health enterprise system architecture composed of standalone application(s). A digital health project is a time-bound implementation of a siloed digital health enterprise, usually", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-026", "number": null, "title": "Page 26", "level": 1, "pageStart": 26, "pageEnd": 26, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 365, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "programme area", "heading": false }, { "term": "guideline", "heading": false }, { "term": "outcome", "heading": false }, { "term": "exchanged", "heading": false }, { "term": "ehealth", "heading": false }, { "term": "challenge", "heading": false }, { "term": "strengthening", "heading": false }, { "term": "understand", "heading": false } ], "extract": "14 Digital implementation investment guide 1.4 When to use this Guide There are several situations where you might find this guide useful. When identifying how best to apply the WHO guideline: Recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening (1). For example, the guideline recommends the use of digital decision-support tools for health workers within a health programme area; you would like to", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-027", "number": null, "title": "Page 27", "level": 1, "pageStart": 27, "pageEnd": 27, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 204, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "establish goals", "heading": false }, { "term": "team", "heading": false }, { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "form", "heading": false }, { "term": "roles", "heading": false }, { "term": "objectives", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme", "heading": false } ], "extract": "15 Form the team and establish goals CHAPTER 02 FORM THE TEAM AND ESTABLISH GOALS Once you are ready to start using this Guide, the first step is to form the team and establish goals for your investments in the digital health enterprise. In this chapter, you will determine team roles and responsibilities, develop a common understanding of the health programme’s goals, and begin to understand how the health programme", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-028", "number": null, "title": "Page 28", "level": 1, "pageStart": 28, "pageEnd": 28, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 199, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "collaborative", "heading": false }, { "term": "work", "heading": false }, { "term": "countries", "heading": false }, { "term": "principles", "heading": false }, { "term": "network", "heading": false }, { "term": "practice", "heading": false }, { "term": "global", "heading": false } ], "extract": "16 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT BE COLLABORATIVE3 + Understand how your work fits into the global development landscape. Identify others working on the same problem in other geographies and determine if there is a community of practice that relates to your work. Find the technical leaders through virtual networks or communities of practice, such as the Global Digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-029", "number": null, "title": "Page 29", "level": 1, "pageStart": 29, "pageEnd": 29, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 515, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "governance committee", "heading": false }, { "term": "ministry sponsor", "heading": false }, { "term": "advisers", "heading": false }, { "term": "senior ministry", "heading": false }, { "term": "team members", "heading": false }, { "term": "management team", "heading": false }, { "term": "representatives", "heading": false }, { "term": "forming", "heading": false } ], "extract": "17 Form the team and establish goals 2.1 Determine roles and responsibilities Before embarking on the full planning process, you should form your team. Consider what skills, functions and knowledge may help when crafting a comprehensive costed implementation plan for a funder. Seek out individuals with adequate dedicated time who are qualified, motivated and knowledgeable over three areas: governance, management and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-030", "number": null, "title": "Page 30", "level": 1, "pageStart": 30, "pageEnd": 30, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 547, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "some contexts", "heading": false }, { "term": "technical support", "heading": false }, { "term": "person", "heading": false }, { "term": "ensures", "heading": false }, { "term": "manager", "heading": false }, { "term": "direction", "heading": false }, { "term": "called", "heading": false }, { "term": "change management", "heading": false } ], "extract": "18 Digital implementation investment guide planning process. Table 2.1.1 describes each of these roles in detail to guide recruitment of the required skill sets. Although your digital health implementation may not require every role, these are perspectives that should be considered either internally or through external mechanisms, such as proposals for technical assistance. Table 2.1.1. Key roles and their", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-031", "number": null, "title": "Page 31", "level": 1, "pageStart": 31, "pageEnd": 31, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 312, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "convergence meeting", "heading": false }, { "term": "establishing governance", "heading": false }, { "term": "governance mechanisms", "heading": false }, { "term": "software developers", "heading": false }, { "term": "administrators", "heading": false }, { "term": "database", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "experts", "heading": false } ], "extract": "19 Form the team and establish goals Functional area Role Description OPERATIONS Business analyst Analyses and documents workflow of the clinical care and health programme processes and recommends digital health interventions relative to the prioritized business requirements. Software developers Transform requirements into specifications for information systems and executable code. Quality assurance testers Validate", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-032", "number": null, "title": "Page 32", "level": 1, "pageStart": 32, "pageEnd": 32, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 444, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "sierra leone", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme directorates", "heading": false }, { "term": "mohs", "heading": false }, { "term": "declaration", "heading": false }, { "term": "governance structure", "heading": false }, { "term": "dppi", "heading": false }, { "term": "resulted", "heading": false }, { "term": "outbreak", "heading": false } ], "extract": "20 Digital implementation investment guide CASE STUDY Convening stakeholders and determining governance structure in Sierra Leone In 2016 following the Ebola viral disease outbreak, WHO facilitated a planning process with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MOHS) for informing prioritization of digital systems addressing national health priorities, in line with directives from the President’s Recovery Plan (40).", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-033", "number": null, "title": "Page 33", "level": 1, "pageStart": 33, "pageEnd": 33, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 432, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "uag", "heading": false }, { "term": "user advisory", "heading": false }, { "term": "involvement", "heading": false }, { "term": "immunization", "heading": false }, { "term": "infants", "heading": false }, { "term": "outset", "heading": false }, { "term": "vaccine", "heading": false } ], "extract": "21 Form the team and establish goals BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: User advisory groups and goals The BID Initiative was designed to be country led and country owned, with partnership and collaboration elevated as core values. In Tanzania, the Immunization and Vaccine Development program (a department of the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children) oversaw the overall", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-034", "number": null, "title": "Page 34", "level": 1, "pageStart": 34, "pageEnd": 34, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 469, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "ict vision", "heading": false }, { "term": "nigeria national", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme goals", "heading": false }, { "term": "improved access", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme documents", "heading": false }, { "term": "increased", "heading": false }, { "term": "worker training", "heading": false }, { "term": "effective", "heading": false } ], "extract": "22 Digital implementation investment guide 2.2 Develop a common understanding of the health programme’s needs and goals Once you have formed the planning team, convene them and any necessary additional stakeholders to articulate a common understanding of the main goals of the health programme and how they align with your country’s national digital health strategy (if there is one). The team should also review core", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-035", "number": null, "title": "Page 35", "level": 1, "pageStart": 35, "pageEnd": 35, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 339, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "workforce cadres", "heading": false }, { "term": "cadres associated", "heading": false }, { "term": "facility types", "heading": false }, { "term": "understand programme", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme area", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme performance", "heading": false }, { "term": "helpful", "heading": false }, { "term": "find", "heading": false } ], "extract": "23 Form the team and establish goals 2. Health programme indicators, or measures of success, and evaluations to help assess whether health programme goals are being met, which will help establish deficiencies within the health programme and begin to identify where to target potential digital health investments a. Team members focused on M&E should identify and summarize appropriate health programme performance", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-036", "number": null, "title": "Page 36", "level": 1, "pageStart": 36, "pageEnd": 36, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 191, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "assistant director", "heading": false }, { "term": "mis form", "heading": false }, { "term": "medical officer", "heading": false }, { "term": "planning officer", "heading": false }, { "term": "clinic nurse", "heading": false }, { "term": "welfare", "heading": false }, { "term": "clinical contraception", "heading": false }, { "term": "requisition", "heading": false } ], "extract": "24 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 2.3.1. Illustrative example of a health system organogram and relationships. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) Director General of Family Planning (DGFP) Immunization and Vaccine Development (IVD) National Manager for EPI National Logistics Manager Regional Immunization and Vaccine Officer (RIVO) District Immunization and Vaccine Officer (DIVO) Village", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-037", "number": null, "title": "Page 37", "level": 1, "pageStart": 37, "pageEnd": 37, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 406, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "personas", "heading": false }, { "term": "user stories", "heading": false }, { "term": "satisfaction", "heading": false }, { "term": "beneficiaries", "heading": false }, { "term": "perspective", "heading": false }, { "term": "characteristics", "heading": false }, { "term": "job", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false } ], "extract": "25 Form the team and establish goals Once you have mapped the general health system, identify the range of end-users and beneficiaries of the specific health programme. These individuals may be the same ones identified in the organogram – health workers, community-level supervisors, clinical staff and district-level managers – and they may include individuals from NGOs and other sectors of government. To help", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-038", "number": null, "title": "Page 38", "level": 1, "pageStart": 38, "pageEnd": 38, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 312, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "immunization officer", "heading": false }, { "term": "success look", "heading": false }, { "term": "manager persona", "heading": false }, { "term": "look like", "heading": false }, { "term": "clinics", "heading": false }, { "term": "vaccines", "heading": false }, { "term": "demographics", "heading": false }, { "term": "mother", "heading": false } ], "extract": "26 Digital implementation investment guide Table 2.3.2. Examples of personas developed when planning an immunization programme. MANAGER PERSONA: Dr Regina Flowers, Regional Immunization Officer RESPONSIBILITIES Reports and communicates district-level lessons to policy-makers at the national level. Oversees funding for and supply of vaccines. DEMOGRAPHICS Age: 50+ Education: MD Fluent in English. Uses computers and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-039", "number": null, "title": "Page 39", "level": 1, "pageStart": 39, "pageEnd": 39, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 85, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "organogram", "heading": false }, { "term": "personas", "heading": false } ], "extract": "27 Form the team and establish goals This information can be collected in the worksheet in Annex 2.1. You should now have an understanding of the following: ˆ Members of your team (Output 1.1) ˆ Stakeholders to engage throughout the planning and implementation process (Output 1.2) ˆ Key outcomes from the national digital health strategy (if one exists) that you intend to build on ˆ Priority goals (Outputs 2.1, 2.2),", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-040", "number": null, "title": "Page 40", "level": 1, "pageStart": 40, "pageEnd": 40, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 5, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "28 Digital implementation investment guide", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-041", "number": null, "title": "Page 41", "level": 1, "pageStart": 41, "pageEnd": 41, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 193, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "programme area", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapter", "heading": false }, { "term": "list", "heading": false }, { "term": "annex", "heading": false } ], "extract": "29 CHAPTER 03 IDENTIFY HEALTH SYSTEM CHALLENGES AND NEEDS In the previous chapter, you aligned a team around the primary goals of the health programme and identified key national strategies (health programme and digital health) to guide the planning process. In this chapter, you will pinpoint specific health programme processes and articulate the bottlenecks that you seek to improve, which will set the stage for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-042", "number": null, "title": "Page 42", "level": 1, "pageStart": 42, "pageEnd": 42, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 302, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "core tenets", "heading": false }, { "term": "existing ecosystem", "heading": false }, { "term": "text adapted", "heading": false }, { "term": "people", "heading": false }, { "term": "iterative", "heading": false }, { "term": "principles", "heading": false }, { "term": "design", "heading": false }, { "term": "tool", "heading": false } ], "extract": "30 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT UNDERSTAND THE EXISTING ECOSYSTEM4 + Engage with your target end-users and consult existing research to develop an understanding of the people, networks, cultures, politics, data needs, infrastructure and markets that make up your ecosystem before designing your initiative or tool. + Coordinate with other implementing organizations, civil", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-043", "number": null, "title": "Page 43", "level": 1, "pageStart": 43, "pageEnd": 43, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 377, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "crdm approach", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "work now", "heading": false }, { "term": "business process", "heading": false }, { "term": "user journey", "heading": false }, { "term": "current state", "heading": false }, { "term": "workflow", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false } ], "extract": "31 Identify health system challenges and needs In this chapter, you will pinpoint specific health programme processes and articulate the bottlenecks that you seek to improve, which will set the stage for selecting appropriate digital health interventions (see Fig. 3.1). This process builds on the Public Health Informatics Institute’s Collaborative Requirements Development Methodology (CRDM), a commonly used approach", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-044", "number": null, "title": "Page 44", "level": 1, "pageStart": 44, "pageEnd": 44, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 472, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "vaccination history", "heading": false }, { "term": "vaccination coverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "stock management", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "process matrix", "heading": false }, { "term": "national schedule", "heading": false }, { "term": "wastage", "heading": false }, { "term": "patient management", "heading": false } ], "extract": "32 Digital implementation investment guide 3.1.1 DETERMINE THE HEALTH PROGRAMME PROCESSES TO TARGET Health programme processes, also called business processes, consist of a set of activities or tasks performed together to achieve the objectives of the health programme area or health system (51). Processes involve different personas and may cross multiple levels of the health system. For example, within the area of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-045", "number": null, "title": "Page 45", "level": 1, "pageStart": 45, "pageEnd": 45, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 425, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "workflow diagrams", "heading": false }, { "term": "happen", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme process", "heading": false }, { "term": "user journey", "heading": false }, { "term": "different processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "interactions", "heading": false }, { "term": "task", "heading": false }, { "term": "illustrate", "heading": false } ], "extract": "33 Identify health system challenges and needs 3.1.2 MAP THE WORKFLOWS FOR TARGETED PROCESSES Now that you have identified and described important processes in the health programme, you can further examine the user journey to understand where to make improvements. Describing these processes as they occur, with as much input from programme implementers with on-the-ground experience as possible, is vital to capture", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-046", "number": null, "title": "Page 46", "level": 1, "pageStart": 46, "pageEnd": 46, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 132, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "boxes", "heading": false }, { "term": "start", "heading": false }, { "term": "bundles", "heading": false }, { "term": "represent", "heading": false }, { "term": "diagnose", "heading": false } ], "extract": "34 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 3.1.2.1. Example workflow diagram for a service-delivery process. Source: Adapted from WHO/PATH Planning an information systems project, 2013 (2) . Box 3.1.2.2. Conventions that are generally used when mapping workflows. » Tasks are represented as boxes. » Diamonds represent decision points. » Boxes with double lines represent bundles of numerous subtasks. » Circles", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-047", "number": null, "title": "Page 47", "level": 1, "pageStart": 47, "pageEnd": 47, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 329, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "oliver", "heading": false }, { "term": "she", "heading": false }, { "term": "immunization day", "heading": false }, { "term": "children", "heading": false }, { "term": "vaccine", "heading": false }, { "term": "spend", "heading": false }, { "term": "business processes", "heading": false } ], "extract": "35 Identify health system challenges and needs BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: Business processes It was hard for Oliver Mlemeta, the sister in charge at the Usa River Health Facility in Tanzania, to know how many children to expect on immunization day. To figure out which children were due, she would spend hours sifting through dense immunization registries and tallying numbers. Then she had to make sure", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-048", "number": null, "title": "Page 48", "level": 1, "pageStart": 48, "pageEnd": 48, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 577, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "root cause", "heading": false }, { "term": "cause analysis", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "whys", "heading": false }, { "term": "reveal", "heading": false }, { "term": "problem", "heading": false }, { "term": "task", "heading": false }, { "term": "occurring", "heading": false } ], "extract": "36 Digital implementation investment guide 3.1.3 IDENTIFY AND CONFIRM BOTTLENECKS As you create the workflows, challenges – or bottlenecks – should emerge. These are areas where failures in service delivery occur, where health workers experience frustrations or even where patients may be lost to follow-up. Bottlenecks are the specific gaps that prevent personas from reaching their goals of success and achieving", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-049", "number": null, "title": "Page 49", "level": 1, "pageStart": 49, "pageEnd": 49, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 363, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "root causes", "heading": false }, { "term": "whys", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "isixsigma", "heading": false }, { "term": "ranking", "heading": false }, { "term": "scores", "heading": false }, { "term": "medicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "feel", "heading": false } ], "extract": "37 Identify health system challenges and needs Fig. 3.2.1. Using the 5 Whys model to identify the root cause of bottlenecks. Source: iSixSigma: Determine the root cause: 5 whys (54). Find more examples and worksheets to support the 5 Whys process in the iSixSigma online library (54). 3.3 Prioritize bottlenecks Now that you have a better understanding of their root causes, you can rank the bottlenecks, identifying", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-050", "number": null, "title": "Page 50", "level": 1, "pageStart": 50, "pageEnd": 50, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 341, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "programme-specific bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "medium", "heading": false }, { "term": "ranking", "heading": false }, { "term": "highest", "heading": false }, { "term": "prioritized", "heading": false }, { "term": "common", "heading": false }, { "term": "paper", "heading": false }, { "term": "consistent", "heading": false } ], "extract": "38 Digital implementation investment guide Table 3.3.1. Formula for scoring and ranking bottlenecks, with examples. Bottleneck 1. How much impact does this bottleneck have on the process? (1–3) 2. What is the likelihood of overcoming this bottleneck? (1–3) 3. Is this important to a wide range of stakeholders? (1–3) Score Prioritized Ranking Example Aggregating data from paper forms is burdensome and rarely done", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-051", "number": null, "title": "Page 51", "level": 1, "pageStart": 51, "pageEnd": 51, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 247, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "insufficient", "heading": false }, { "term": "inadequate", "heading": false }, { "term": "lack", "heading": false }, { "term": "poor", "heading": false }, { "term": "delayed", "heading": false }, { "term": "utilization", "heading": false }, { "term": "commodities", "heading": false }, { "term": "adherence", "heading": false } ], "extract": "39 Identify health system challenges and needs Fig. 3.4.1. WHO classification of health system challenges. 1 Information 3 Quality 6 Efficiency 7 Cost 8 Accountability 2 Availability 4 Acceptability 5 Utilization 1.1 Lack of population denominator 1.2 Delayed reporting of events 1.3 Lack of quality/ reliable data 1.4 Communication roadblocks 1.5 Lack of access to information or data 1.6 Insufficient utilization of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-052", "number": null, "title": "Page 52", "level": 1, "pageStart": 52, "pageEnd": 52, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 328, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "contact coverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "continuous coverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "uhc", "heading": false }, { "term": "proportion", "heading": false }, { "term": "target population", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "services among", "heading": false }, { "term": "accessibility", "heading": false } ], "extract": "40 Digital implementation investment guide Box 3.4.2. Linking health system challenges to universal health coverage. Although you have gone through an extensive process to identify the key bottlenecks and health system challenges, you may have overlooked some areas. You may want to take the further step of mapping your bottlenecks to the different contributors to achieving universal health coverage (UHC). The goals", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-053", "number": null, "title": "Page 53", "level": 1, "pageStart": 53, "pageEnd": 53, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 214, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "target population", "heading": false }, { "term": "ensuring availability", "heading": false }, { "term": "proportion", "heading": false }, { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "coverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "services among", "heading": false }, { "term": "contact", "heading": false }, { "term": "human resources", "heading": false } ], "extract": "41 Identify health system challenges and needs Fig. 3.4.3. Health system needs for universal health coverage. Source: Mehl & Labrique, 2014 (56). Health System Goal Accountability coverage The proportion of those in the target population registered into the health system Accountability Financial coverage The proportion of patients protected from impoverishment due to health- related costs affordability Target", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-054", "number": null, "title": "Page 54", "level": 1, "pageStart": 54, "pageEnd": 54, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 5, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "42 Digital implementation investment guide", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-055", "number": null, "title": "Page 55", "level": 1, "pageStart": 55, "pageEnd": 55, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 247, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "workflow diagrams", "heading": false }, { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "user journey", "heading": false }, { "term": "prioritized", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposed", "heading": false }, { "term": "capability", "heading": false } ], "extract": "43 CHAPTER 04 DETERMINE APPROPRIATE DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS In the previous chapter, you examined different health programme processes and identified key health system challenges. In this chapter, you will rethink the way these tasks are performed and reflect on interventions to address the identified bottlenecks. TOOLS + Bottleneck-mapping worksheet (Annex 3.2) + WHO Classification of digital health", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-056", "number": null, "title": "Page 56", "level": 1, "pageStart": 56, "pageEnd": 56, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 339, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "open innovation", "heading": false }, { "term": "open standards", "heading": false }, { "term": "open source", "heading": false }, { "term": "existing open", "heading": false }, { "term": "restrictions", "heading": false }, { "term": "standards based", "heading": false }, { "term": "adopt", "heading": false }, { "term": "sharing", "heading": false } ], "extract": "44 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT USE OPEN STANDARDS, OPEN DATA, OPEN SOURCE, AND OPEN INNOVATION6 + Define and communicate what being open means for your initiative. + Adopt and expand on existing open standards, such as Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (HL7 FHIR): specifications developed by, agreed to, adopted by and maintained by a community", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-057", "number": null, "title": "Page 57", "level": 1, "pageStart": 57, "pageEnd": 57, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 477, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "work now", "heading": false }, { "term": "identified bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "business process", "heading": false }, { "term": "rethink", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "redesign", "heading": false }, { "term": "alleviate", "heading": false }, { "term": "tasks", "heading": false } ], "extract": "45 Determine appropriate digital health interventions In the previous chapter, you examined different health programme processes and identified key health system challenges. In this chapter, you will rethink the way these tasks are performed and reflect on interventions to address the identified bottlenecks (see Fig. 4.1). This is called business process redesign. It is at this stage where you will critically assess", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-058", "number": null, "title": "Page 58", "level": 1, "pageStart": 58, "pageEnd": 58, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 532, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "overcome", "heading": false }, { "term": "select", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottleneck", "heading": false }, { "term": "challenge", "heading": false }, { "term": "address", "heading": false }, { "term": "selecting", "heading": false }, { "term": "classification", "heading": false }, { "term": "interventions", "heading": false } ], "extract": "46 Digital implementation investment guide Identifying and selecting digital health interventions includes the following steps. 1. Select one or more digital health interventions to address the prioritized health system challenges (if digital is appropriate). If digital is appropriate, select interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness, and determine how these interventions can address your health system", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-059", "number": null, "title": "Page 59", "level": 1, "pageStart": 59, "pageEnd": 59, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 780, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "healthcare provider", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit untargeted", "heading": false }, { "term": "manage client", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit targeted", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit routine", "heading": false }, { "term": "client communication", "heading": false }, { "term": "event alerts", "heading": false }, { "term": "death event", "heading": false } ], "extract": "47 Determine appropriate digital health interventions 2.1 Client identification and registration 2.5 Healthcare provider communication 2.6 Referral coordination 2.7 Health worker activity planning and scheduling 2.8 Healthcare provider training 2.9 Prescription and medication management 2.10 Laboratory and Diagnostics Imaging Manangement 2.2 Client health records 2.3 Healthcare provider decision support 2.4", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-060", "number": null, "title": "Page 60", "level": 1, "pageStart": 60, "pageEnd": 60, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 316, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "healthcare provider", "heading": false }, { "term": "guideline", "heading": false }, { "term": "commodities", "heading": false }, { "term": "recommendations", "heading": false }, { "term": "challenge", "heading": false }, { "term": "protocol", "heading": false }, { "term": "interventions", "heading": false }, { "term": "alerts", "heading": false } ], "extract": "48 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 4.1.2. Linkage between health system challenges and digital health interventions. When determining which digital health interventions are appropriate, consider reviewing the WHO Guideline: Recommendations on Digital Interventions for Health System Strengthening (1), which lists evidence-based digital health interventions and considerations for implementation. Should", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-061", "number": null, "title": "Page 61", "level": 1, "pageStart": 61, "pageEnd": 61, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 275, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "dhi", "heading": false }, { "term": "clients", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision support", "heading": false }, { "term": "treatments", "heading": false }, { "term": "telemedicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "referrals", "heading": false }, { "term": "guideline", "heading": false }, { "term": "coverage", "heading": false } ], "extract": "49 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Fig. 4.1.3. Digital health intervention selection matrix. Source: Adapted from the WHO Classification of digital health interventions, 2018 (4). Consider the range of digital health interventions that may be appropriate for your identified health system challenges. Cross-checking these against the WHO evidence-based recommendations and any country experiences", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-062", "number": null, "title": "Page 62", "level": 1, "pageStart": 62, "pageEnd": 62, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 400, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "trained midwives", "heading": false }, { "term": "root causes", "heading": false }, { "term": "overall lack", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottleneck", "heading": false }, { "term": "hsc", "heading": false }, { "term": "dhi", "heading": false }, { "term": "vehicles", "heading": false }, { "term": "multistakeholder", "heading": false } ], "extract": "50 Digital implementation investment guide CASE STUDY Determining appropriateness of digital health interventions for health system challenges As part of the joint process with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone for identifying health system challenges and assessing the appropriateness of digital health interventions, WHO convened stakeholders to review challenges faced within the health system", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-063", "number": null, "title": "Page 63", "level": 1, "pageStart": 63, "pageEnd": 63, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 531, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "national vision", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "investment roadmap", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling components", "heading": false }, { "term": "national inventory", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false }, { "term": "assets", "heading": false } ], "extract": "51 Determine appropriate digital health interventions 4.2 Determine whether the enabling environment can support the identified digital health interventions Digital health interventions are delivered through digital health applications, which ideally are linked to a supportive digital health platform comprising shared services and enabling components (in cases where there are multiple applications); together with", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-064", "number": null, "title": "Page 64", "level": 1, "pageStart": 64, "pageEnd": 64, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 313, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "ehealth environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "national ehealth", "heading": false }, { "term": "legislation", "heading": false }, { "term": "expertise", "heading": false }, { "term": "networks", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "adopt", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling", "heading": false } ], "extract": "52 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 4.2.1. Roles and contributions of component “building blocks” to the enabling environment for digital health enterprises. Source: WHO/ITU National eHealth strategy toolkit, 2012 (3). + Direct and coordinate eHealth at the national level; ensure alignment with health goals and political support; promote awareness and engage stakeholders. + Use mechanisms, expertise,", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-065", "number": null, "title": "Page 65", "level": 1, "pageStart": 65, "pageEnd": 65, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 447, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "fall outside", "heading": false }, { "term": "strategy toolkit", "heading": false }, { "term": "national ehealth", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposed intervention", "heading": false }, { "term": "nonfunctional", "heading": false }, { "term": "assessing", "heading": false }, { "term": "maturity", "heading": false } ], "extract": "53 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Depending on your timeline, you may want to develop short-term plans that take into account the current enabling environment, while contemplating medium- and long-term plans that benefit from your deliberate new investments to catalyse some components of the environment to mature further. A comprehensive analysis of the enabling environment will also help you", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-066", "number": null, "title": "Page 66", "level": 1, "pageStart": 66, "pageEnd": 66, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 372, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "functional requirements", "heading": false }, { "term": "expect", "heading": false }, { "term": "planning team", "heading": false }, { "term": "beneficiaries", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "answer", "heading": false }, { "term": "intervention", "heading": false }, { "term": "start", "heading": false } ], "extract": "54 Digital implementation investment guide 4.3 Determine what the interventions will need to do Once you have selected which types of digital health interventions will appropriately address your health system challenges and their suitability for your context, you can start defining the requirements of each intervention and the digital health application that will be used to execute the intervention. The requirements", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-067", "number": null, "title": "Page 67", "level": 1, "pageStart": 67, "pageEnd": 67, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 481, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "community nurse", "heading": false }, { "term": "close", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "whose", "heading": false }, { "term": "beneficiaries", "heading": false }, { "term": "client", "heading": false }, { "term": "antenatal", "heading": false }, { "term": "intervention", "heading": false } ], "extract": "55 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Table 4.3.1.1. An example scenario for a pregnancy-support digital health intervention. END-USER REQUIRED FUNCTIONALITY REASON As a community nurse I need a list of my clients whose antenatal visits are due today So that I can plan my day accordingly, including adequate supplies to conduct antenatal care checkups. As a community nurse I need to look up a client’s", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-068", "number": null, "title": "Page 68", "level": 1, "pageStart": 68, "pageEnd": 68, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 375, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "workflow diagrams", "heading": false }, { "term": "future-state workflow", "heading": false }, { "term": "she", "heading": false }, { "term": "older", "heading": false }, { "term": "current state", "heading": false }, { "term": "current-state", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user", "heading": false } ], "extract": "56 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 4.3.2.1. Examples of different personas interacting with digital health interventions. GROUP DESCRIPTION POTENTIAL RESPONSE TO DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE) Stakeholder Community leader May be excited to have an innovative project in the community. Will want to understand the information given to end-users. Will want to be involved in or leading", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-069", "number": null, "title": "Page 69", "level": 1, "pageStart": 69, "pageEnd": 69, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 328, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "gather client", "heading": false }, { "term": "clerk", "heading": false }, { "term": "client record", "heading": false }, { "term": "client details", "heading": false }, { "term": "create client", "heading": false }, { "term": "match found", "heading": false }, { "term": "unique identification", "heading": false }, { "term": "state patient", "heading": false } ], "extract": "57 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Fig. 4.3.3.1. Bottleneck and future-state workflow diagrams. HEALTH FACILITY HEALTH FACILITY Clerk Clerk Client Client Start Start Arrive at facility Arrive at facility Client receives SMS reminder Gather client details Bottleneck where digital health intervention would add value Gather client details Search for client Search for client Check in client Check in", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-070", "number": null, "title": "Page 70", "level": 1, "pageStart": 70, "pageEnd": 70, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 435, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "landscape analysis", "heading": false }, { "term": "facility", "heading": false }, { "term": "considering", "heading": false }, { "term": "immunization", "heading": false }, { "term": "tanzania", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "conduct", "heading": false } ], "extract": "58 Digital implementation investment guide BID Initiative: Data quality and use interventions Together with end-users from all levels of the health system, the BID Initiative collaboratively developed a comprehensive set of tools and approaches to improve immunization data collection, quality and use spanning data-management policies and practices, information system products and training on the tools, as well as", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-071", "number": null, "title": "Page 71", "level": 1, "pageStart": 71, "pageEnd": 71, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 347, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "landscape analysis", "heading": false }, { "term": "global goods", "heading": false }, { "term": "dha", "heading": false }, { "term": "demonstrated effectiveness", "heading": false }, { "term": "software global", "heading": false }, { "term": "software applications", "heading": false }, { "term": "guidebook", "heading": false }, { "term": "mature", "heading": false } ], "extract": "59 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Box 4.4.1. The Digital Health Atlas and other repositories of digital health implementations. Identifying existing digital health interventions to use for your planned work can be challenging. WHO’s Digital Health Atlas (DHA) can help you conduct a digital health inventory (8). The DHA is a web-based tool for cataloguing and tracking digital health", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-072", "number": null, "title": "Page 72", "level": 1, "pageStart": 72, "pageEnd": 72, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 208, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "output", "heading": false }, { "term": "functional requirements", "heading": false }, { "term": "offer", "heading": false }, { "term": "hardware", "heading": false }, { "term": "interventions", "heading": false }, { "term": "applications", "heading": false }, { "term": "identified", "heading": false } ], "extract": "60 Digital implementation investment guide Your investment in digital health implementations may offer opportunities to contribute new functionality to software global goods that may offer benefits beyond your programme area, and similarly, your implementation may benefit greatly from linking to or using existing functionalities, which can reduce costs and accelerate deployment timelines. Additionally, for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-073", "number": null, "title": "Page 73", "level": 1, "pageStart": 73, "pageEnd": 73, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 301, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "ict enterprises", "heading": false }, { "term": "selected", "heading": false }, { "term": "fit", "heading": false }, { "term": "implemented", "heading": false }, { "term": "interventions", "heading": false }, { "term": "stakeholder", "heading": false }, { "term": "considerations", "heading": false }, { "term": "environment", "heading": false } ], "extract": "61 Determine appropriate digital health interventions Fig. 4.5.1 highlights the major considerations discussed so far when selecting digital health interventions and the digital health applications and platform in which they will be implemented. As you review these factors, check that the digital health interventions you have selected are still the most appropriate. Also consider how the interventions you have", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-074", "number": null, "title": "Page 74", "level": 1, "pageStart": 74, "pageEnd": 74, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 5, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "62 Digital implementation investment guide", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-075", "number": null, "title": "Page 75", "level": 1, "pageStart": 75, "pageEnd": 75, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 145, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "chapter", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling-environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "examines", "heading": false }, { "term": "recognizing", "heading": false }, { "term": "annex", "heading": false } ], "extract": "63 CHAPTER 05 PLAN THE IMPLEMENTATION The previous chapters helped you identify which digital health interventions to implement and why. This chapter examines more closely how to plan for implementing your prioritized interventions within a digital health enterprise, recognizing the iterative nature of the implementation process. TOOLS + Questions to ask technology vendors (Annex 5.1) + Key considerations for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-076", "number": null, "title": "Page 76", "level": 1, "pageStart": 76, "pageEnd": 76, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 100, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "sustainability", "heading": false }, { "term": "greatest", "heading": false }, { "term": "build", "heading": false } ], "extract": "64 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT BUILD FOR SUSTAINABILITY8 + Plan for sustainability from the start. + Develop a definition of sustainability for your initiative. + Identify and implement a sustainable business model. + Use and invest in local ICT service providers. + Engage local governments and integrate national strategies into programming. + Collaborate instead of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-077", "number": null, "title": "Page 77", "level": 1, "pageStart": 77, "pageEnd": 77, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 346, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "building blocks", "heading": false }, { "term": "legislation", "heading": false }, { "term": "implementations", "heading": false }, { "term": "prioritized", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise", "heading": false }, { "term": "foundational", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapter", "heading": false } ], "extract": "65 Plan the implementation The previous chapters helped you identify which digital health interventions to implement and why. This chapter examines more closely how to plan for implementing your prioritized interventions within a digital health enterprise, recognizing the iterative nature of the implementation process. Digital health implementations are broadly based on the following critical components (see Fig.", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-078", "number": null, "title": "Page 78", "level": 1, "pageStart": 78, "pageEnd": 78, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 347, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "deployment sites", "heading": false }, { "term": "legislation", "heading": false }, { "term": "compliance", "heading": false }, { "term": "considerations", "heading": false }, { "term": "investments", "heading": false }, { "term": "foundational", "heading": false }, { "term": "policies", "heading": false }, { "term": "strategy", "heading": false } ], "extract": "66 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 5.1. Essential components of a digital health implementation. In this chapter, you will explore the different considerations and key questions that can help guide your digital health implementation (see Table 5.2). These considerations are based on the seven foundational building blocks, as well as additional factors that may influence the success of your", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-079", "number": null, "title": "Page 79", "level": 1, "pageStart": 79, "pageEnd": 79, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 488, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "leverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "evidence-based", "heading": false }, { "term": "hardware", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "place", "heading": false }, { "term": "terminology", "heading": false }, { "term": "toolkit", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers", "heading": false } ], "extract": "67 Plan the implementation Factor Illustrative considerations LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE » Is there a national digital health governance framework or action plan, such as technical working groups? » Are partnership terms and formal collaborations documented in a memorandum of understanding? » Do separate departments or divisions oversee ICT and digital health? » Is there a group or committee that combines ICT staff", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-080", "number": null, "title": "Page 80", "level": 1, "pageStart": 80, "pageEnd": 80, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 666, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "migrant populations", "heading": false }, { "term": "alerts notifications", "heading": false }, { "term": "transmit alerts", "heading": false }, { "term": "paper-based registers", "heading": false }, { "term": "client communication", "heading": false }, { "term": "clients patients", "heading": false }, { "term": "compile vital", "heading": false }, { "term": "target populations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "68 Digital implementation investment guide Box 5.3. Description of digital health interventions reviewed in the WHO guideline. Annex 5.3 expands on additional implementation considerations for specific digital health interventions prioritized in the WHO guideline (1). If you are considering one of these interventions, review Annex 5.3 for a more nuanced list of factors that could affect your implementation. Digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-081", "number": null, "title": "Page 81", "level": 1, "pageStart": 81, "pageEnd": 81, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 486, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "electricity", "heading": false }, { "term": "central computer", "heading": false }, { "term": "connectivity", "heading": false }, { "term": "devices", "heading": false }, { "term": "solar", "heading": false }, { "term": "mobile network", "heading": false }, { "term": "literacy", "heading": false }, { "term": "offline", "heading": false } ], "extract": "69 Plan the implementation 5.1 Infrastructure considerations Many digital health applications and platforms have seen limited adoption and success because they were piloted in areas that had inadequate access to electricity and mobile networks or were otherwise inappropriately designed for the context. Understanding the available infrastructure is foundational to defining the scope and feasibility of the digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-082", "number": null, "title": "Page 82", "level": 1, "pageStart": 82, "pageEnd": 82, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 323, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "privacy protection", "heading": false }, { "term": "national policies", "heading": false }, { "term": "security", "heading": false }, { "term": "regulations", "heading": false }, { "term": "guidance", "heading": false }, { "term": "access", "heading": false }, { "term": "store", "heading": false }, { "term": "policy", "heading": false } ], "extract": "70 Digital implementation investment guide 5.2 Legislation, policy and compliance considerations It is important to understand the national policies and regulations that may apply and explore relevant global best practices when national policies are lacking. These could include regulations for hosting data and using personally identifiable information, processes for informed consent, relevant standards and linkages", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-083", "number": null, "title": "Page 83", "level": 1, "pageStart": 83, "pageEnd": 83, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 439, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "african union", "heading": false }, { "term": "object", "heading": false }, { "term": "article", "heading": false }, { "term": "regulation", "heading": false }, { "term": "parties", "heading": false }, { "term": "protection", "heading": false }, { "term": "right", "heading": false }, { "term": "processing", "heading": false } ], "extract": "71 Plan the implementation 5.2.2 REGULATION OF NEW DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES Many countries are developing national regulatory systems for health-related technology. Regional groups, such as the Digital Regional East African Community Health Initiative and the African Union’s New Partnership for Africa’s Development, encourage regional-level regulation or qualification of new technologies for their member", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-084", "number": null, "title": "Page 84", "level": 1, "pageStart": 84, "pageEnd": 84, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 394, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "medical device", "heading": false }, { "term": "leadership", "heading": false }, { "term": "technologies", "heading": false }, { "term": "governance", "heading": false }, { "term": "committee", "heading": false }, { "term": "ministry", "heading": false }, { "term": "following questions", "heading": false }, { "term": "regulations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "72 Digital implementation investment guide regulation that you will need to examine and determine how to balance. (For more information about regulations of medical technologies, see Box 5.2.2.1.) As technology continues to evolve, the procedures and policy considerations for introducing new technologies will also likely need to accelerate. The implementation leadership teams may want to consider how new", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-085", "number": null, "title": "Page 85", "level": 1, "pageStart": 85, "pageEnd": 85, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 316, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "technology vendor", "heading": false }, { "term": "rfp", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposals", "heading": false }, { "term": "mno", "heading": false }, { "term": "companies", "heading": false }, { "term": "mnos", "heading": false }, { "term": "partner", "heading": false }, { "term": "organizations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "73 Plan the implementation 5.3.2 EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS Implementing digital health interventions often requires working with a range of partners in addition to governmental organizations that are traditionally considered the public health sector. These partners can include NGOs, academic institutions, civil society organizations, donor organizations, and technology and software companies. Also consider local MNOs,", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-086", "number": null, "title": "Page 86", "level": 1, "pageStart": 86, "pageEnd": 86, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 544, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "healthcare managers", "heading": false }, { "term": "sure", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers", "heading": false }, { "term": "start", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "training", "heading": false }, { "term": "involve", "heading": false } ], "extract": "74 Digital implementation investment guide 5.4 Workforce and training considerations Chapter 2 listed the key governance, management and operations personnel needed for a digital health implementation. At this point, you will focus on the workforce directly involved in the digital health enterprise, such as community and facility health workers and healthcare managers. Although some health workers will show great", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-087", "number": null, "title": "Page 87", "level": 1, "pageStart": 87, "pageEnd": 87, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 181, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "kotter eight-step", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "step", "heading": false }, { "term": "change", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "create", "heading": false }, { "term": "vision", "heading": false } ], "extract": "75 Plan the implementation BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: Workforce implementation The BID Initiative developed a workforce implementation strategy (80) informed by John Kotter’s eight-step model for change management (see Fig. 5.4.1). “Touches”, or visits, were used to introduce and provide training on new tools and approaches, allowing health workers time to internalize the practice of data analysis and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-088", "number": null, "title": "Page 88", "level": 1, "pageStart": 88, "pageEnd": 88, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 313, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "touch", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "supportive supervision", "heading": false }, { "term": "kotter", "heading": false }, { "term": "change management", "heading": false }, { "term": "embed", "heading": false }, { "term": "introduce", "heading": false }, { "term": "prepare", "heading": false } ], "extract": "76 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 5.4.2. Linking Kotter’s change model to BID’s touch strategy. Source: BID Initiative briefs: recommendations and lessons learned: change management (80). The following are additional BID Initiative tools and resources for workforce implementation: » Rollout strategy (81) » Facility and district visit strategy (82) » Spotting and addressing resistance to change (83) »", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-089", "number": null, "title": "Page 89", "level": 1, "pageStart": 89, "pageEnd": 89, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 646, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "experience tests", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user experience", "heading": false }, { "term": "limited number", "heading": false }, { "term": "vendor", "heading": false }, { "term": "conducted", "heading": false }, { "term": "stability", "heading": false }, { "term": "application", "heading": false }, { "term": "hardware", "heading": false } ], "extract": "77 Plan the implementation 5.5 Services and applications Services and applications are the devices and tools, including software, used to collect, transmit, access and maintain health information, including the ICT systems that your digital health interventions will integrate with and leverage (3). Services include digital registries for health workforce, master patient indexes and health facilities, and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-090", "number": null, "title": "Page 90", "level": 1, "pageStart": 90, "pageEnd": 90, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 718, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "running costs", "heading": false }, { "term": "remote servers", "heading": false }, { "term": "fee", "heading": false }, { "term": "off-the-shelf", "heading": false }, { "term": "shorter", "heading": false }, { "term": "open source", "heading": false }, { "term": "hidden", "heading": false }, { "term": "saas", "heading": false } ], "extract": "78 Digital implementation investment guide » Throughout this process, put in place mechanisms to collect and respond to end-user issues, particularly in the early stages of piloting and deployment. This mechanism will need to describe how end-users are expected to report problems, who investigates and responds, and how quickly they should respond. Ensure that the health content is in line with evidence- based", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-091", "number": null, "title": "Page 91", "level": 1, "pageStart": 91, "pageEnd": 91, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 484, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "facility registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "master facility", "heading": false }, { "term": "facility list", "heading": false }, { "term": "unique identifiers", "heading": false }, { "term": "exchanging", "heading": false }, { "term": "different applications", "heading": false }, { "term": "electronic medical", "heading": false }, { "term": "standards", "heading": false } ], "extract": "79 Plan the implementation 5.6 Standards and interoperability Standards and interoperability are also critical factors for ensuring the success of digital health implementations. For different systems to be interoperable, or to meaningfully exchange information with one another, procedures and data standards must be established that ensure a common language and facilitate data exchange. Interoperability is not only", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-092", "number": null, "title": "Page 92", "level": 1, "pageStart": 92, "pageEnd": 92, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 333, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "mhero", "heading": false }, { "term": "rapidpro", "heading": false }, { "term": "open source", "heading": false }, { "term": "ihris", "heading": false }, { "term": "intrahealth", "heading": false }, { "term": "registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "workforce", "heading": false }, { "term": "openhim", "heading": false } ], "extract": "80 Digital implementation investment guide CASE STUDY mHero – using data standards to effectively integrate different digital health interventions mHero combines three technologies – IntraHealth’s iHRIS software, UNICEF’s RapidPro and Jembi’s OpenHIM – into a powerful communication tool for ministry and health workers (90). iHRIS is open source health workforce information system software used to capture and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-093", "number": null, "title": "Page 93", "level": 1, "pageStart": 93, "pageEnd": 93, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 235, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "functional requirements", "heading": false }, { "term": "outputs", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false }, { "term": "link", "heading": false }, { "term": "broader", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapter", "heading": false } ], "extract": "81 CHAPTER 06 LINK THE DIGITAL HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION TO THE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE Over the course of the previous chapters, you developed a plan for a digital health implementation focused on addressing identified health system challenges, with a clear understanding of the digital health interventions and other functionalities required. To advance this from being a siloed digital health implementation to an", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-094", "number": null, "title": "Page 94", "level": 1, "pageStart": 94, "pageEnd": 94, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 163, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "reuse", "heading": false }, { "term": "all-encompassing", "heading": false }, { "term": "knowledge-sharing", "heading": false }, { "term": "swap", "heading": false }, { "term": "become", "heading": false } ], "extract": "82 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT REUSE AND IMPROVE1 + Identify the existing technology tools (local and global), data and frameworks being used by your target population, in your geography or in your sector. Evaluate how these could be reused, modified or extended for use in your program. + Develop modular, interoperable approaches instead of those that stand alone or are", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-095", "number": null, "title": "Page 95", "level": 1, "pageStart": 95, "pageEnd": 95, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 461, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapters", "heading": false }, { "term": "business processes", "heading": false }, { "term": "aspects", "heading": false }, { "term": "improved", "heading": false }, { "term": "functioning", "heading": false }, { "term": "link", "heading": false }, { "term": "standardized", "heading": false } ], "extract": "83 Link the digital health implementation to the enterprise architecture Over the course of the previous chapters, you developed a plan for a digital health implementation focused on addressing identified health system challenges, with a clear understanding of the digital health interventions and other functionalities required. To advance this from being a siloed digital health implementation to an exchanged digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-096", "number": null, "title": "Page 96", "level": 1, "pageStart": 96, "pageEnd": 96, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 253, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "upgrades", "heading": false }, { "term": "architectural", "heading": false }, { "term": "architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "changes", "heading": false }, { "term": "consider", "heading": false }, { "term": "fig", "heading": false }, { "term": "exchange", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared", "heading": false } ], "extract": "84 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 6.1.1. Digital health architectural approach. Although this type of architectural vision may not exist or be fully developed for your context, you could consult the TOGAF and OpenHIE framework in Fig. 6.3.2 to understand the different components typically found in developing a shared digital health enterprise architecture. Understanding the current architecture and its", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-097", "number": null, "title": "Page 97", "level": 1, "pageStart": 97, "pageEnd": 97, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 359, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "principle", "heading": false }, { "term": "ones", "heading": false }, { "term": "workflow", "heading": false }, { "term": "leveraged", "heading": false }, { "term": "transactions", "heading": false }, { "term": "adapt", "heading": false } ], "extract": "85 Link the digital health implementation to the enterprise architecture BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: Enterprise architecture approach Multiple disconnected health data systems can stunt the efforts and potential of new technologies. Successful digital health enterprises take stock of the existing landscape and build upon it, with the goal of sustaining efforts well beyond a project life span. The BID", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-098", "number": null, "title": "Page 98", "level": 1, "pageStart": 98, "pageEnd": 98, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 461, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "common components", "heading": false }, { "term": "reusable components", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling components", "heading": false }, { "term": "programme areas", "heading": false }, { "term": "engines", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "become available", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false } ], "extract": "86 Digital implementation investment guide 6.2 Identify common and enabling components and shared services (digital health platform) When linking your digital health implementation to the broader digital health enterprise architecture, consider the core functionalities, or components, that are unique to your use case or health programme, as well as the components that can be generalized and reused in other health", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-099", "number": null, "title": "Page 99", "level": 1, "pageStart": 99, "pageEnd": 99, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 308, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "datasets sourced", "heading": false }, { "term": "mgmt info", "heading": false }, { "term": "software capabilities", "heading": false }, { "term": "pos application", "heading": false }, { "term": "functional software", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false } ], "extract": "87 Fig. 6.2.2. Digital health investments within the digital health enterprise architecture. SHARED SERVICES DATA SERVICES DATA SOURCES Institution-Based HIS & Data Sources Population-Based HIS & Data Sources Analytics, Dashboards, Aids, Repositories Digital Health Platform Shared Services Business Domain Services Registry Services Terminology Services Health Worker Registry Client Registry Product Registry Facility", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-100", "number": null, "title": "Page 100", "level": 1, "pageStart": 100, "pageEnd": 100, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 393, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "common components", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "diagram", "heading": false }, { "term": "core components", "heading": false }, { "term": "current state", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "future-state", "heading": false }, { "term": "reused", "heading": false } ], "extract": "88 Digital implementation investment guide 6.3 Link your digital health investments to the enterprise architecture This Guide provides only an introductory overview for linking digital health investments within health programmes to the broader national digital health enterprise architecture. Executing this process will require more detailed consultations with personnel who have expertise in developing national", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-101", "number": null, "title": "Page 101", "level": 1, "pageStart": 101, "pageEnd": 101, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 461, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "central authority", "heading": false }, { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "openhie", "heading": false }, { "term": "person-centric", "heading": false }, { "term": "registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "legend", "heading": false }, { "term": "flexible", "heading": false }, { "term": "serves", "heading": false } ], "extract": "89 Box 6.3.1. Key resources for building towards a digital health enterprise architecture. » Digital health platform handbook: building a digital information infrastructure (infostructure) for health focuses on combining digital health interventions into an interoperable whole, identifying the standards and interoperability requirements for enabling a cohesive digital health enterprise architecture (14). » OpenHIE", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-102", "number": null, "title": "Page 102", "level": 1, "pageStart": 102, "pageEnd": 102, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 296, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "facility surveys", "heading": false }, { "term": "mohs website", "heading": false }, { "term": "pos application", "heading": false }, { "term": "logistimo", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false }, { "term": "sara", "heading": false }, { "term": "future state", "heading": false }, { "term": "quantb", "heading": false } ], "extract": "90 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 6.3.3. Myanmar example of a national digital health enterprise architecture blueprint. In the current state, there is a limited use of data exchange standards, and digital systems use a direct (integrated) connection to shared services. In the future state, data exchange standards and enabling components are used to facilitate interoperability across different digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-103", "number": null, "title": "Page 103", "level": 1, "pageStart": 103, "pageEnd": 103, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 121, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "cost drivers", "heading": false }, { "term": "budget", "heading": false }, { "term": "co-financing", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false } ], "extract": "91 CHAPTER 07 DEVELOP A BUDGET This chapter will help you develop a budget for implementing and sustainably operating your digital health intervention within your specific digital health ecosystem. You will identify cost drivers for each phase of the digital health implementation, including budget considerations related to interoperability, and you will develop a budget for the life span of the investment. Cost", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-104", "number": null, "title": "Page 104", "level": 1, "pageStart": 104, "pageEnd": 104, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 153, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "choices", "heading": false }, { "term": "scale", "heading": false }, { "term": "initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "paths", "heading": false }, { "term": "don", "heading": false } ], "extract": "92 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT DESIGN FOR SCALE1 + Plan and design for scale from the start. + Develop a definition of scale for your initiative. + Keep your design simple, flexible and modular to make it easy to change your content and adapt to other contexts. + As you make technology choices, think about whether those choices will make it easier or harder to scale. +", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-105", "number": null, "title": "Page 105", "level": 1, "pageStart": 105, "pageEnd": 105, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 336, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "life cycle", "heading": false }, { "term": "total cost", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "budget", "heading": false }, { "term": "purchasing", "heading": false }, { "term": "setup", "heading": false }, { "term": "begin", "heading": false }, { "term": "deployment", "heading": false } ], "extract": "93 Develop a budget This chapter will help you develop a budget for implementing and sustainably operating your digital health intervention within your specific digital health ecosystem. You will identify cost drivers for each phase of the digital health implementation, including budget considerations related to interoperability, and you will develop a budget for the life span of the investment. Cost considerations", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-106", "number": null, "title": "Page 106", "level": 1, "pageStart": 106, "pageEnd": 106, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 346, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "cost drivers", "heading": false }, { "term": "annual sustained", "heading": false }, { "term": "cost categories", "heading": false }, { "term": "sustained operations", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "larger", "heading": false }, { "term": "deployment", "heading": false }, { "term": "during", "heading": false } ], "extract": "94 Digital implementation investment guide DEPLOYMENT: During this phase, the digital health implementation goes live, often in a pilot setting. It is important to budget resources to support end-user testing and iteration for refinement during this phase. INTEGRATION AND INTEROPERABILITY: Although these elements should be addressed during design and deployment, they are so important to long-term sustainability that", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-107", "number": null, "title": "Page 107", "level": 1, "pageStart": 107, "pageEnd": 107, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 601, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "full-time equivalents", "heading": false }, { "term": "translation required", "heading": false }, { "term": "up-front", "heading": false }, { "term": "add features", "heading": false }, { "term": "staff training", "heading": false }, { "term": "ftes", "heading": false }, { "term": "overhead", "heading": false }, { "term": "technical staff", "heading": false } ], "extract": "95 Develop a budget Table 7.2.1. Illustrative costs throughout the implementation life cycle.3 Cost Categories Cost Drivers Considerations Up-front versus recurring ONGOING/ALL PHASES Management and staffing » Complexity of intervention » Full-time Equivalents (FTEs) needed » Staff training needed » Turnover » Overhead » What is the level of effort for programme management staff associated with training, vendor", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-108", "number": null, "title": "Page 108", "level": 1, "pageStart": 108, "pageEnd": 108, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 519, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "recurring", "heading": false }, { "term": "lack thereof", "heading": false }, { "term": "fees associated", "heading": false }, { "term": "costs associated", "heading": false }, { "term": "relevant standards", "heading": false }, { "term": "up-front", "heading": false }, { "term": "chargers", "heading": false }, { "term": "travel", "heading": false } ], "extract": "96 Digital implementation investment guide Cost Categories Cost Drivers Considerations Up-front versus recurring Inter- operability with other systems » Use of standards or lack thereof » Maturity of interoperability standards used » What is the cost to interoperate with existing systems? » What efforts will be needed to ensure that the system complies with relevant standards, including open standards? Recurring", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-109", "number": null, "title": "Page 109", "level": 1, "pageStart": 109, "pageEnd": 109, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 578, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "full-time equivalents", "heading": false }, { "term": "subscription fee", "heading": false }, { "term": "replacement rate", "heading": false }, { "term": "recurring", "heading": false }, { "term": "associated costs", "heading": false }, { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "end users", "heading": false }, { "term": "ongoing administration", "heading": false } ], "extract": "97 Develop a budget Cost Categories Cost Drivers Considerations Up-front versus recurring SUSTAINED OPERATIONS Voice and data services (mobile data plan, Internet, number of text messages) » Number of end users » Size of data collected and stored » Amount of information needed to disseminate » How many text messages and voice minutes will be used? » How much mobile data will be needed for each end-user? » Can you", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-110", "number": null, "title": "Page 110", "level": 1, "pageStart": 110, "pageEnd": 110, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 327, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid interventions", "heading": false }, { "term": "eir", "heading": false }, { "term": "total cost", "heading": false }, { "term": "zambia", "heading": false }, { "term": "eirs", "heading": false }, { "term": "printing", "heading": false }, { "term": "implement interventions", "heading": false } ], "extract": "98 Digital implementation investment guide BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: How much does an EIR cost? How much does it cost to implement BID Initiative interventions in the test sites in Tanzania and Zambia? What are the up-front and recurring costs of operating BID interventions? What are the resources required to implement interventions in each district? How do the costs of providing immunization", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-111", "number": null, "title": "Page 111", "level": 1, "pageStart": 111, "pageEnd": 111, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 253, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "eir", "heading": false }, { "term": "vehicles", "heading": false }, { "term": "supportive supervision", "heading": false }, { "term": "eirs", "heading": false }, { "term": "mvundera", "heading": false }, { "term": "printing", "heading": false }, { "term": "diems", "heading": false }, { "term": "transport", "heading": false } ], "extract": "99 Develop a budget Cost category Cost description DEPLOYMENT Training Training of staff responsible for rolling out the interventions to the health facilities Roll-out Per diems, lodging and transport associated with deployment of the EIR to health facilities and district immunization offices; transport includes vehicles purchased (one for each country) and expenditures for fuel and maintenance of those vehicles,", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-112", "number": null, "title": "Page 112", "level": 1, "pageStart": 112, "pageEnd": 112, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 292, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "budget matrix", "heading": false }, { "term": "detailed budget", "heading": false }, { "term": "year", "heading": false }, { "term": "cost categories", "heading": false }, { "term": "total", "heading": false }, { "term": "impact", "heading": false }, { "term": "investment", "heading": false }, { "term": "tool", "heading": false } ], "extract": "100 Digital implementation investment guide 7.3 Budget matrix Once you have identified your cost categories by investment phase and the related drivers of those cost categories, use a budget matrix (see Table 7.3.1) to create a detailed budget for your implementation across the expected life span before the intervention will require significant updates. This time frame is typically about five years but could be", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-113", "number": null, "title": "Page 113", "level": 1, "pageStart": 113, "pageEnd": 113, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 186, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "execute plan", "heading": false }, { "term": "logic model", "heading": false }, { "term": "historical", "heading": false }, { "term": "impact", "heading": false }, { "term": "annex", "heading": false } ], "extract": "101 CHAPTER 08 MONITOR THE IMPLEMENTATION AND USE DATA EFFECTIVELY Monitoring and evaluation and continuous improvement by responding to the changes induced by the digital health implementation, also known as adaptive management, are necessary components of ensuring the viability and ultimate impact of your efforts. TOOLS + Monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions: a practical guide to conducting", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-114", "number": null, "title": "Page 114", "level": 1, "pageStart": 114, "pageEnd": 114, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 214, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "interoperability standards", "heading": false }, { "term": "collected", "heading": false }, { "term": "collect", "heading": false }, { "term": "methods", "heading": false }, { "term": "gaps", "heading": false }, { "term": "collection", "heading": false }, { "term": "principles", "heading": false }, { "term": "groups", "heading": false } ], "extract": "102 Digital implementation investment guide PRINCIPLES FOR DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT BE DATA DRIVEN1 + Design programmes so that impact can be measured continually and incrementally, focusing on outcomes, not just outputs. + Make use of existing data, including open data sets and data from interoperable systems. + Use rigorous data collection methods. Consider and address potential biases and gaps in the data collected,", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-115", "number": null, "title": "Page 115", "level": 1, "pageStart": 115, "pageEnd": 115, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 297, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "continual", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "success", "heading": false }, { "term": "implementations", "heading": false }, { "term": "monitor", "heading": false }, { "term": "monitoring", "heading": false }, { "term": "intervention", "heading": false }, { "term": "performance", "heading": false } ], "extract": "103 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively After going through the steps to plan the digital health implementation but prior to deploying the implementation, you can embed mechanisms to monitor the implementation, such as collecting baseline data, and use the insights from the emerging data to increase your implementation’s impact and efficiency. Continual monitoring of activities at different stages of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-116", "number": null, "title": "Page 116", "level": 1, "pageStart": 116, "pageEnd": 116, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 560, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "logic model", "heading": false }, { "term": "desk services", "heading": false }, { "term": "illustrative logic", "heading": false }, { "term": "pregnant women", "heading": false }, { "term": "health-care facility", "heading": false }, { "term": "improved", "heading": false }, { "term": "reduction", "heading": false }, { "term": "promotional", "heading": false } ], "extract": "104 Digital implementation investment guide 8.1 Establish a logic model for your implementation Defining a framework in the form of a logic model will help you refine and understand your programme’s goals and objectives and conceptualize the relationship between them, the underpinning programme activities required to achieve them and the anticipated outcomes. Logic models aim to clarify programme objectives and aid", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-117", "number": null, "title": "Page 117", "level": 1, "pageStart": 117, "pageEnd": 117, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 568, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "increased proficiency", "heading": false }, { "term": "programmatic inputs", "heading": false }, { "term": "service responsiveness", "heading": false }, { "term": "intermediate changes", "heading": false }, { "term": "technology inputs", "heading": false }, { "term": "activities undertaken", "heading": false }, { "term": "productive", "heading": false }, { "term": "correspond", "heading": false } ], "extract": "105 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively Logic models link inputs (programme resources) with processes (activities undertaken in the delivery of services), outputs (products of processes), outcomes (intermediate changes) and impact. In the context of digital health implementations, INPUTS encompass all resources that go into the programme. In this model, technology inputs are differentiated from", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-118", "number": null, "title": "Page 118", "level": 1, "pageStart": 118, "pageEnd": 118, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 566, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "economic assessments", "heading": false }, { "term": "life cycle", "heading": false }, { "term": "monitoring activities", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "sure", "heading": false }, { "term": "intervention", "heading": false }, { "term": "surrounding", "heading": false }, { "term": "evaluation", "heading": false } ], "extract": "106 Digital implementation investment guide 8.2 Plan how you will conduct the monitoring and evaluation Planning to deploy a digital health intervention includes determining what to monitor to ensure that the intervention is working as planned and what to evaluate to ensure that it is having the effects you expected. These efforts may include tracking performance, changes in processes, health outcomes, end-user", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-119", "number": null, "title": "Page 119", "level": 1, "pageStart": 119, "pageEnd": 119, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 208, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "intervention maturity", "heading": false }, { "term": "feasibility", "heading": false }, { "term": "stage", "heading": false }, { "term": "fig", "heading": false }, { "term": "time", "heading": false }, { "term": "evaluation", "heading": false } ], "extract": "107 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively Ideally, M&E occur in close balance with each other and are structured to answer questions that are most relevant at each stage of the implementation. At the early stages, you could use M&E results to iteratively redesign and test the digital health intervention to better meet the needs of end-users and the organization. Fig. 8.2.1 illustrates the evolution of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-120", "number": null, "title": "Page 120", "level": 1, "pageStart": 120, "pageEnd": 120, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 269, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "failure rate", "heading": false }, { "term": "form submissions", "heading": false }, { "term": "maturity continuum", "heading": false }, { "term": "pre-launch", "heading": false }, { "term": "schedules", "heading": false }, { "term": "incorrect", "heading": false }, { "term": "network connectivity", "heading": false }, { "term": "stability", "heading": false } ], "extract": "108 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 8.2.2. Implementation maturity continuum. Source: Adapted from WHO Monitoring and evaluating digital health interventions, 2016 (26). Component When Potential Measures Implementation Maturity Continuum & Guiding Questions QUALITY Pre-launch & during implementation • End-user entry of phone number is correct • Rate of agreement in data recording between training rounds", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-121", "number": null, "title": "Page 121", "level": 1, "pageStart": 121, "pageEnd": 121, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 446, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "sexual", "heading": false }, { "term": "corrective actions", "heading": false }, { "term": "young people", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional investigation", "heading": false }, { "term": "myanmar", "heading": false }, { "term": "unfpa", "heading": false }, { "term": "indicates", "heading": false }, { "term": "reproductive", "heading": false } ], "extract": "109 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively CASE STUDY Myanmar “Learning for Impact” model of continuous monitoring UNFPA Myanmar developed the Love Question, Life Answer (LQLA) mobile application to promote accessibility of evidence-based information about life skills and sexual and reproductive health and rights to adolescents and young people in and out of school in Myanmar. Through active promotion", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-122", "number": null, "title": "Page 122", "level": 1, "pageStart": 122, "pageEnd": 122, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 330, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "re-aim framework", "heading": false }, { "term": "culture", "heading": false }, { "term": "proportion", "heading": false }, { "term": "high-quality", "heading": false }, { "term": "organizational", "heading": false }, { "term": "intervention", "heading": false }, { "term": "people", "heading": false }, { "term": "policies", "heading": false } ], "extract": "110 Digital implementation investment guide The RE-AIM framework may also be considered as a comprehensive way to think through your M&E needs as you scale up the implementation. The following are the components of the RE-AIM framework (98): Reach: the level of penetration of an intervention in terms of the proportion of eligible participants who receive the intervention Effectiveness: the impact on targeted", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-123", "number": null, "title": "Page 123", "level": 1, "pageStart": 123, "pageEnd": 123, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 519, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "improve immunization", "heading": false }, { "term": "wastage", "heading": false }, { "term": "stock", "heading": false }, { "term": "lead", "heading": false }, { "term": "average", "heading": false }, { "term": "vaccination", "heading": false }, { "term": "credible", "heading": false }, { "term": "rates", "heading": false } ], "extract": "111 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively Fig. 8.3.1. Examples of data use. BENEFIT EXAMPLES HOW TO EVALUATE SUCCESS BETTER INDICATORS FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING • Targeted advocacy efforts help to address higher-than- average vaccination dropout rates in specific population groups. • Credible estimates of vaccine wastage rates for each health centre lead to tailored vaccination strategies to reduce", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-124", "number": null, "title": "Page 124", "level": 1, "pageStart": 124, "pageEnd": 124, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 443, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "actionable", "heading": false }, { "term": "provincial", "heading": false }, { "term": "translated", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-users", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision-making", "heading": false }, { "term": "right", "heading": false }, { "term": "complex", "heading": false }, { "term": "done", "heading": false } ], "extract": "112 Digital implementation investment guide Although the high quality of data is important, quality does not guarantee data use at an individual, facility, community or organizational level. Additionally, while a trained cadre of data end-users is critical, data must meet the requirements of multiple end-users and end-user scenarios, informing both national policy and service delivery among health workers.", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-125", "number": null, "title": "Page 125", "level": 1, "pageStart": 125, "pageEnd": 125, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 467, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "facility level", "heading": false }, { "term": "building culture", "heading": false }, { "term": "she", "heading": false }, { "term": "supportive supervision", "heading": false }, { "term": "district level", "heading": false }, { "term": "cultural change", "heading": false }, { "term": "level regional", "heading": false } ], "extract": "113 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively Four other factors can help complete cultural change, as described in Table 8.3.4. Table 8.3.4. Cultural change factors. Awareness of need Earlier, you identified your health system challenges, along with the information needed to address these challenges. Implementing an awareness campaign that builds a case for action appropriate across different levels of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-126", "number": null, "title": "Page 126", "level": 1, "pageStart": 126, "pageEnd": 126, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 346, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "nurses", "heading": false }, { "term": "provincial", "heading": false }, { "term": "facility", "heading": false }, { "term": "data-use", "heading": false }, { "term": "culture", "heading": false }, { "term": "service delivery", "heading": false }, { "term": "tools", "heading": false } ], "extract": "114 Digital implementation investment guide The following are key learnings from implementing these data-use interventions in Tanzania and Zambia. » Teach data-analysis skills with the facility’s existing data to help nurses identify challenges currently affecting service delivery and pinpoint ways to address those issues. This foundation in data analysis better prepares nurses to adopt new tools and to adapt their", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-127", "number": null, "title": "Page 127", "level": 1, "pageStart": 127, "pageEnd": 127, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 465, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "traditional management", "heading": false }, { "term": "course correction", "heading": false }, { "term": "life cycle", "heading": false }, { "term": "iteration", "heading": false }, { "term": "steady", "heading": false }, { "term": "resistance", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision-making", "heading": false } ], "extract": "115 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively 8.4 Adaptive management: Use data to optimize interventions Adaptive management requires realizing that change happens and building in the ability to respond to the change (106). Emerging from the interdisciplinary need and understanding that complex development issues require nimble solutions, adaptive management calls for incremental, steady iteration (107).", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-128", "number": null, "title": "Page 128", "level": 1, "pageStart": 128, "pageEnd": 128, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 311, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "pause-and-reflect moments", "heading": false }, { "term": "stay", "heading": false }, { "term": "redirect", "heading": false }, { "term": "pause", "heading": false }, { "term": "uncertainty", "heading": false }, { "term": "learnings", "heading": false }, { "term": "alternatives", "heading": false }, { "term": "engage stakeholders", "heading": false } ], "extract": "116 Digital implementation investment guide » Does your team have mechanisms for translating learnings into change? If so, how do you integrate change at an implementation, programme or organizational level? » What tools and mechanisms does your team use to determine the appropriate approach to interventions (such as theories of change, benefit analyses, stakeholder analyses and so on)? » How do you evaluate", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-129", "number": null, "title": "Page 129", "level": 1, "pageStart": 129, "pageEnd": 129, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 94, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enabling-environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "environmental", "heading": false }, { "term": "costing", "heading": false } ], "extract": "117 Monitor the implementation and use data effectively 8.5 Progress check At this point in the process, you should have the following outputs: ˆ Problem statement detailing specific challenges and needs in the health system ˆ Identified digital health interventions to address the current challenges ˆ Enabling-environment assessment defining possible constraints ˆ Implementation plan that is appropriate for the", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-130", "number": null, "title": "Page 130", "level": 1, "pageStart": 130, "pageEnd": 130, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 1, "summary": null, "keywords": [], "extract": "118", "extractCut": false }, { "id": "page-131", "number": null, "title": "Page 131", "level": 1, "pageStart": 131, "pageEnd": 131, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 267, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enterprise architecture", "heading": false }, { "term": "local context", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "fit", "heading": false }, { "term": "larger", "heading": false }, { "term": "continue", "heading": false }, { "term": "contribute", "heading": false }, { "term": "existing national", "heading": false } ], "extract": "119 CHAPTER 09 VALUE PROPOSITION AND NEXT STEPS Fig. 9.1 provides an overview of the key components to complete as you finalize your costed implementation plan. You may use this costed implementation plan to obtain the necessary digital health investment for your proposed implementation. Beyond resource mobilization, following this process should give you more confidence that the selected digital health", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-132", "number": null, "title": "Page 132", "level": 1, "pageStart": 132, "pageEnd": 132, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 293, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "pain points", "heading": false }, { "term": "future state", "heading": false }, { "term": "logic model", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposition", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapter", "heading": false }, { "term": "expected outcomes", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "personas", "heading": false } ], "extract": "120 Digital implementation investment guide Fig. 9.1. Summary of outputs towards a costed investment plan. Health Goals » Form the team and establish goals » Establish personas and needs in health structure » Assess and document user and data workflows » Identify pain points and health system challenges » Articulate expected outcomes, benefits, impact 01 Actors 04 Digital Context 05 Implementation 02 Priorities 06", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-133", "number": null, "title": "Page 133", "level": 1, "pageStart": 133, "pageEnd": 133, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 327, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "lessons learned", "heading": false }, { "term": "policy environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "solutions", "heading": false }, { "term": "champions", "heading": false }, { "term": "beginning", "heading": false }, { "term": "sustainability", "heading": false }, { "term": "government", "heading": false } ], "extract": "121 Value proposition and next steps BID INITIATIVE CASE STUDY BID Initiative: Sustainability An important component of sustaining a digital health enterprise is sharing lessons learned with the larger community. Here are a few from the BID Initiative that consider policy, technical, institutional and financial elements (see Fig. 9.2). Fig. 9.2. Critical sustainability elements. Work from the beginning with a core", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-134", "number": null, "title": "Page 134", "level": 1, "pageStart": 134, "pageEnd": 134, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 630, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "accessed february", "heading": false }, { "term": "telecommunication union", "heading": false }, { "term": "chapel hill", "heading": false }, { "term": "international telecommunication", "heading": false }, { "term": "reproductivehealth publications", "heading": false }, { "term": "website", "heading": false }, { "term": "publications mhealth", "heading": false }, { "term": "geneva", "heading": false } ], "extract": "122 Digital implementation investment guide References 1. WHO guideline: recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 2. World Health Organization, PATH. Planning an information systems project: a toolkit for public health managers. Seattle: PATH; 2013 (https://path.org/resources/planning-", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-135", "number": null, "title": "Page 135", "level": 1, "pageStart": 135, "pageEnd": 135, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 614, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "accessed february", "heading": false }, { "term": "sierra leone", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid latest", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "user advisory", "heading": false }, { "term": "advisory group", "heading": false }, { "term": "default files", "heading": false }, { "term": "nonfunctional requirements", "heading": false } ], "extract": "123 References 30. Standards and Interoperability Lab – Asia. Digital health investment: costing tool. Manila: Asian Development Bank; 2020 (http://sil-asia.org/costing-tool/, accessed 17 February 2020). 31. CRVS digitisation guidebook: a step-by-step guide to digitising civil registration and vital statistics processes in low resource settings. African Programme for the Accelerated Improvement of CRVS", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-136", "number": null, "title": "Page 136", "level": 1, "pageStart": 136, "pageEnd": 136, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 618, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "accessed february", "heading": false }, { "term": "wp-content uploads", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "org wiki", "heading": false }, { "term": "content uploads", "heading": false }, { "term": "initiative briefs", "heading": false }, { "term": "seattle", "heading": false }, { "term": "wikipedia", "heading": false } ], "extract": "124 Digital implementation investment guide 59. Batavia H, Mechael P. Toolkit: assessing the enabling environment for establishing a contextualized national digital health strategy. Washington (DC): United Nations Foundation; 2016 (http://ict4somlnigeria.info/wp-content/ uploads/2016/03/Toolkit-assessing-enabling-environment_ FINAL.pdf, accessed 18 February 2020). 60. Information and communication technologies for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-137", "number": null, "title": "Page 137", "level": 1, "pageStart": 137, "pageEnd": 137, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 490, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "accessed february", "heading": false }, { "term": "vad bid", "heading": false }, { "term": "org wp-content", "heading": false }, { "term": "bid initiative", "heading": false }, { "term": "initiative briefs", "heading": false }, { "term": "wp-content uploads", "heading": false }, { "term": "seattle", "heading": false }, { "term": "lessons learned", "heading": false } ], "extract": "125 References 89. What is interoperability in healthcare? In: HIMSS Resource Library [website]. Chicago: Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society; 2019 (https://www.himss. org/what-interoperability, accessed 18 February 2020). 90. mHero [website]. Chapel Hill (NC): IntraHealth International; 2017 (https://www.mhero.org/, accessed 18 February 2020). 91. OpenHIE architecture specification, version 2.0.", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-138", "number": null, "title": "Page 138", "level": 1, "pageStart": 138, "pageEnd": 138, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 399, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "beneficiary", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottleneck", "heading": false }, { "term": "working group", "heading": false }, { "term": "api", "heading": false }, { "term": "costed", "heading": false }, { "term": "referred", "heading": false }, { "term": "accessed", "heading": false }, { "term": "client", "heading": false } ], "extract": "126 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 1.1 Glossary 1 Adapted from Digital health terminology guide. AeHIN; 2018 (https://aehin.hingx.org/Share/Details/3819/, accessed 24 January 2019). 2 Consensus definition of digital health, Digital Health and Interoperability Working Group Key terms and theory of change small working group; [Presentation] 2019", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-139", "number": null, "title": "Page 139", "level": 1, "pageStart": 139, "pageEnd": 139, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 576, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "infostructure", "heading": false }, { "term": "ehealth strategy", "heading": false }, { "term": "platform handbook", "heading": false }, { "term": "software applications", "heading": false }, { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "point-of-service", "heading": false }, { "term": "comprises", "heading": false }, { "term": "press", "heading": false } ], "extract": "127 Annexes DIGITAL HEALTH ENTERPRISE. The business processes, data, systems and technologies used to support the operations of the health system, including the digital health applications, point-of-service software applications, other software, devices, hardware, standards, governance and underlying information infrastructure (such as the digital health platform) functioning in a purposeful and unified manner. This", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-140", "number": null, "title": "Page 140", "level": 1, "pageStart": 140, "pageEnd": 140, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 539, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "coordinated manner", "heading": false }, { "term": "developing countries", "heading": false }, { "term": "practice handbook", "heading": false }, { "term": "evaluation practice", "heading": false }, { "term": "practical guide", "heading": false }, { "term": "connected", "heading": false }, { "term": "organization", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false } ], "extract": "128 Digital implementation investment guide ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE. A blueprint of business processes, data, systems and technologies used to help implementers design increasingly complex systems to support the workflow and roles of people in a large enterprise, such as a health system.8 EVALUATION. The systematic assessment of an ongoing or completed intervention to determine whether the intervention is fulfilling", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-141", "number": null, "title": "Page 141", "level": 1, "pageStart": 141, "pageEnd": 141, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 519, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "technical debt", "heading": false }, { "term": "nonfunctional requirements", "heading": false }, { "term": "wikipedia", "heading": false }, { "term": "mud", "heading": false }, { "term": "proposals", "heading": false }, { "term": "september", "heading": false }, { "term": "website", "heading": false }, { "term": "pattern", "heading": false } ], "extract": "129 Annexes LOGIC MODEL. A graphic depiction of the shared relationships between the resources, activities, outputs, outcomes and impact of a health programme, showing the relationship between the programme’s activities and its anticipated effect.13 MATURITY MODEL. A framework used in ICTs and digital health to help situate implementations based on technological, organizational or environmental characteristics.", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-142", "number": null, "title": "Page 142", "level": 1, "pageStart": 142, "pageEnd": 142, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 320, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "future state", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "current state", "heading": false }, { "term": "identify validated", "heading": false }, { "term": "path", "heading": false }, { "term": "connecting", "heading": false }, { "term": "pdf", "heading": false }, { "term": "toolkit", "heading": false } ], "extract": "130 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 1.2 Additional resources for planning and implementing a digital health enterprise Phase Steps Resources PHASE 1 Assessing the current state and enabling environment Conduct an inventory of existing or previously used software applications, ICT systems and other tools to better understand the requirements for reuse and interoperability. » Health information systems", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-143", "number": null, "title": "Page 143", "level": 1, "pageStart": 143, "pageEnd": 143, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 144, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "https", "heading": false }, { "term": "phase", "heading": false }, { "term": "culture", "heading": false }, { "term": "path", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive", "heading": false }, { "term": "implementations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "131 Annexes Phase Steps Resources PHASE 6 M&E of digital health implementations and fostering data use Monitor your implementation to ensure systems are functioning as intended and having the desired effect. Foster data-driven adaptive change management within the overall health system. » Bridging real-time data and adaptive management: ten lessons for policy makers and practitioners. US Agency for International", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-144", "number": null, "title": "Page 144", "level": 1, "pageStart": 144, "pageEnd": 144, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 215, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "charter", "heading": false }, { "term": "scope", "heading": false }, { "term": "participants", "heading": false }, { "term": "vision", "heading": false }, { "term": "description", "heading": false }, { "term": "list", "heading": false } ], "extract": "132 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 2.1 Planning and implementation charter As you determine roles and responsibilities and develop a common goal, you can you use this charter template to list out the overall vision, scope, health programmes to be targeted and other key information related to your planning and implementation efforts. See Chapter 2 for more details. VISION/OBJECTIVES A concise", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-145", "number": null, "title": "Page 145", "level": 1, "pageStart": 145, "pageEnd": 145, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 243, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "persona worksheet", "heading": false }, { "term": "photo", "heading": false }, { "term": "long", "heading": false }, { "term": "name", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user", "heading": false }, { "term": "challenges", "heading": false }, { "term": "services", "heading": false } ], "extract": "133 Annexes Annex 2.2 Persona worksheet 18 For more examples of persona-mapping templates, please see Demand for health services workbook: a human-centred approach. UNICEF (http://hcd4i.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/unicef_digitalhealthinterventions_final2018-1.pdf). This persona worksheet can be used to think through the different potential end-users and better understand their needs and challenges as you design", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-146", "number": null, "title": "Page 146", "level": 1, "pageStart": 146, "pageEnd": 146, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 153, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "danger signs", "heading": false }, { "term": "pregnant woman", "heading": false }, { "term": "matrix worksheet", "heading": false }, { "term": "hsc", "heading": false }, { "term": "process matrix", "heading": false } ], "extract": "134 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 3.1 Process matrix worksheet This process matrix worksheet will allow you to identify the different health programme processes and tasks, so you can map the workflow and identify bottlenecks within these processes. See Chapter 3 for more details. # Process Objective Task set Outcomes Bottlenecks Health system challenge A Antenatal care referral To provide timely and", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-147", "number": null, "title": "Page 147", "level": 1, "pageStart": 147, "pageEnd": 147, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 324, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "clients", "heading": false }, { "term": "lot", "heading": false }, { "term": "worksheet", "heading": false }, { "term": "bottlenecks", "heading": false }, { "term": "treatments", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers", "heading": false }, { "term": "coverage", "heading": false }, { "term": "adherence", "heading": false } ], "extract": "135 Annexes Annex 3.2 Worksheet for mapping bottlenecks to health system challenges This worksheet continues from Annex 3.1, where you identified key tasks within the targeted processes, as well as possible bottlenecks. Use this worksheet to elaborate on the different bottlenecks within your workflows and begin determining which ones you will address. See Chapter 3 for more detail. UHC Layer affected Illustrative", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-148", "number": null, "title": "Page 148", "level": 1, "pageStart": 148, "pageEnd": 148, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 707, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "maintenance fees", "heading": false }, { "term": "software developers", "heading": false }, { "term": "knowing", "heading": false }, { "term": "percent", "heading": false }, { "term": "unavailable", "heading": false }, { "term": "hours", "heading": false }, { "term": "vendor", "heading": false }, { "term": "uptime", "heading": false } ], "extract": "136 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 5.1 Questions for software developers 19 Source: Planning an information systems project: a toolkit for public health managers, Annex 7. PATH; 2013 (https://path.azureedge.net/media/ documents/TS_opt_ict_toolkit.pdf). As you select the specific applications that you will use in the digital health implementation, it is critical to have some background information on", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-149", "number": null, "title": "Page 149", "level": 1, "pageStart": 149, "pageEnd": 149, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 102, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "enabling environment", "heading": false }, { "term": "considerations", "heading": false }, { "term": "compile", "heading": false }, { "term": "factors", "heading": false } ], "extract": "137 Annexes Annex 5.2 Implementation considerations summary template Using the following worksheet, compile your implementation considerations for each digital health intervention, taking into account the different factors within the enabling environment. See Chapter 5 for more detail, as well as the Who Guideline: Recommendations on Digital Interventions for Health System Strengthening for implementation", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-150", "number": null, "title": "Page 150", "level": 1, "pageStart": 150, "pageEnd": 150, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 323, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "death notification", "heading": false }, { "term": "births", "heading": false }, { "term": "laws", "heading": false }, { "term": "lack", "heading": false }, { "term": "crvs", "heading": false }, { "term": "telemedicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "national policies", "heading": false }, { "term": "considerations", "heading": false } ], "extract": "138 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 5.3 Implementation considerations for specific digital health interventions 20 Adapted from Classification of digital health interventions: a shared language to describe the uses of digital technology for health. Geneva: WHO; 2018 (https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/mhealth/classification-digital-health-interventions/en/). This annex describes", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-151", "number": null, "title": "Page 151", "level": 1, "pageStart": 151, "pageEnd": 151, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 460, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "civil registration", "heading": false }, { "term": "notifications", "heading": false }, { "term": "death", "heading": false }, { "term": "birth", "heading": false }, { "term": "absorb", "heading": false }, { "term": "crvs", "heading": false }, { "term": "consider", "heading": false }, { "term": "setup", "heading": false } ], "extract": "139 Annexes CONSIDERATIONS DURING DEPLOYMENT » Consider mechanisms to ensure the completeness of the data and whether demand-generation activities are needed to incentivize reporting by explaining its benefits. Implementers should be aware, however, of any reporting targets placed on health workers and ensure that birth and death data are validated before being released to the civil registration system. » Consider", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-152", "number": null, "title": "Page 152", "level": 1, "pageStart": 152, "pageEnd": 152, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 381, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "death registration", "heading": false }, { "term": "birth registration", "heading": false }, { "term": "death notifications", "heading": false }, { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "unique identifiers", "heading": false }, { "term": "key informants", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "periodic review", "heading": false } ], "extract": "140 Digital implementation investment guide DEPLOYMENT Equipment/ hardware Devices (such as mobile phones, tablets and computers) used by key informants for conducting birth notifications Setup of cloud hosting or physical server, which would require physical and virtual security and authentication Initial training Development/adaptation of training curricula and standard operating procedures, which can include", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-153", "number": null, "title": "Page 153", "level": 1, "pageStart": 153, "pageEnd": 153, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 502, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "stock notification", "heading": false }, { "term": "stock levels", "heading": false }, { "term": "reporting stockouts", "heading": false }, { "term": "commodity transactions", "heading": false }, { "term": "medical commodities", "heading": false }, { "term": "ussd", "heading": false }, { "term": "wastage", "heading": false }, { "term": "basic processes", "heading": false } ], "extract": "141 Annexes Communication/ data exchanges SMS text message, USSD voice call and/or data transmission charges based on volume of communication content and communication channel; note that both SMS and USSD are unsecure channels and that, unlike with USSD, with SMS an unencrypted record will remain on the sender’s phone, creating an additional risk Short code maintenance fee, which represents a simplified number for", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-154", "number": null, "title": "Page 154", "level": 1, "pageStart": 154, "pageEnd": 154, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 392, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "stock notification", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "broader lmis", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "development adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "technology adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "operating procedures", "heading": false }, { "term": "standard operating", "heading": false } ], "extract": "142 Digital implementation investment guide Considerations for cost categories for stock notification Cost category Description ONGOING/ALL PHASES Governance Personnel for partnership building and coordination meetings to align with stakeholders (such as Technical Working Group members, implementing partners and MNOs) Meeting costs (e.g. transportation, personnel time) Management and staffing Personnel to oversee", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-155", "number": null, "title": "Page 155", "level": 1, "pageStart": 155, "pageEnd": 155, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 411, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional training", "heading": false }, { "term": "telemedicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "continuous monitoring", "heading": false }, { "term": "supervisory", "heading": false }, { "term": "exchanges", "heading": false }, { "term": "interacting", "heading": false } ], "extract": "143 Annexes SCALE Training and adaptive management Additional training for personnel interacting with the LMIS Additional training for supervisory personnel on continuous monitoring of the LMIS Additional training for ICT support staff to provide end-user support, troubleshooting, backup and recovery SUSTAINED OPERATIONS Refresher training and adaptive management Refresher training for health workers interacting", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-156", "number": null, "title": "Page 156", "level": 1, "pageStart": 156, "pageEnd": 156, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 370, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "client-to-provider telemedicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "telemedicine service", "heading": false }, { "term": "clinical staff", "heading": false }, { "term": "calls", "heading": false }, { "term": "personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "setup", "heading": false }, { "term": "requiring", "heading": false }, { "term": "referral", "heading": false } ], "extract": "144 Digital implementation investment guide OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEROPERABILITY AND LINKAGES TO OTHER DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS Integrate with provider-to-provider telemedicine in cases where referral to another health worker is required. Link with targeted client communication to follow up on clients/patients following the consultation. RISKS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES There may be risks with unaccredited or", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-157", "number": null, "title": "Page 157", "level": 1, "pageStart": 157, "pageEnd": 157, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 310, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "voice calls", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional training", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "periodic review", "heading": false }, { "term": "initial training", "heading": false }, { "term": "videoconferencing", "heading": false }, { "term": "telemedicine", "heading": false } ], "extract": "145 Annexes DEPLOYMENT Equipment/ hardware Computer with dedicated software system for audio and/or video connections for health workers to conduct the consultation Audio- or videoconferencing equipment, which may include headsets and trunk lines (central lines that can direct voice calls, images and video to multiple lines and across different network operators) Initial training Development/adaptation of training", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-158", "number": null, "title": "Page 158", "level": 1, "pageStart": 158, "pageEnd": 158, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 375, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "provider-to-provider telemedicine", "heading": false }, { "term": "scopes", "heading": false }, { "term": "insufficient", "heading": false }, { "term": "worker", "heading": false }, { "term": "explore", "heading": false }, { "term": "consultations", "heading": false }, { "term": "changes", "heading": false }, { "term": "personnel", "heading": false } ], "extract": "146 Digital implementation investment guide INTERVENTION 4: PROVIDER-TO-PROVIDER TELEMEDICINE 24 Adapted from Classification of digital health interventions, 2018. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION The delivery of healthcare services where two or more health workers are separated by distance, often a lower level health worker consulting with a specialist or more skilled health worker24 COMMONLY", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-159", "number": null, "title": "Page 159", "level": 1, "pageStart": 159, "pageEnd": 159, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 370, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "voice calls", "heading": false }, { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional training", "heading": false }, { "term": "additional personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "software customization", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "audio", "heading": false }, { "term": "periodic review", "heading": false } ], "extract": "147 Annexes Technology adaptation Software customization for communication and exchanging health content, which may be based on the modalities/communication channels to be used for videoconferencing, transmission of data or images and voice calls Security features, such as end-user authentication schemes, when relaying clients’ health information End-user testing among health workers to ensure optimal end-user", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-160", "number": null, "title": "Page 160", "level": 1, "pageStart": 160, "pageEnd": 160, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 586, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "targeted client", "heading": false }, { "term": "client communication", "heading": false }, { "term": "opt out", "heading": false }, { "term": "targeted population", "heading": false }, { "term": "attention", "heading": false }, { "term": "sensitive", "heading": false }, { "term": "people", "heading": false }, { "term": "circumstances", "heading": false } ], "extract": "148 Digital implementation investment guide INTERVENTION 5: TARGETED CLIENT COMMUNICATION 25 Adapted from Classification of digital health interventions, 2018. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION Transmission of customized health information for different audience segments (often based on health status or demographic categories), which may include transmission of 1. health-event alerts to a specific", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-161", "number": null, "title": "Page 161", "level": 1, "pageStart": 161, "pageEnd": 161, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 402, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "communication content", "heading": false }, { "term": "messaging toolkit", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "coordination meetings", "heading": false }, { "term": "mobile messaging", "heading": false }, { "term": "partnership building", "heading": false }, { "term": "clients", "heading": false }, { "term": "incoming", "heading": false } ], "extract": "149 Annexes ADDITIONAL RESOURCES mHealth mobile messaging toolkit. PATH; 2014 (https://www.path.org/publications/files/TS_mhealth_ mobile_messaging_toolkit.pdf). Making content meaningful: a guide to adapting existing global health content for different audiences. Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs; 2014 (https://www.kmtraining.org/sites/default/ files/supplement-making-content-meaningful.pdf).", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-162", "number": null, "title": "Page 162", "level": 1, "pageStart": 162, "pageEnd": 162, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 248, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "client identification", "heading": false }, { "term": "medical records", "heading": false }, { "term": "integration", "heading": false }, { "term": "personnel", "heading": false }, { "term": "identifier", "heading": false }, { "term": "maintenance", "heading": false }, { "term": "fees", "heading": false }, { "term": "call", "heading": false } ], "extract": "150 Digital implementation investment guide INTEGRATION AND INTEROPERABILITY Content adaptation Content may be adapted to reflect direct linkages to medical records Technology adaptation Integration of client identification: unique client identification, ideally by means of a unique personal identifier, needs to be built into the system design and registration process to ensure the fidelity of message delivery; in", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-163", "number": null, "title": "Page 163", "level": 1, "pageStart": 163, "pageEnd": 163, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 607, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "integrating decision-support", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision-support tools", "heading": false }, { "term": "consider integrating", "heading": false }, { "term": "clinical protocols", "heading": false }, { "term": "algorithms", "heading": false }, { "term": "erroneous", "heading": false }, { "term": "clients", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers", "heading": false } ], "extract": "151 Annexes INTERVENTION 6: HEALTH WORKER DECISION SUPPORT 26 Adapted from Classification of digital health interventions, 2018. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION Digitized job aids that combine an individual’s health information with the health worker’s knowledge and clinical protocols to assist health workers in making diagnosis and treatment decisions26 COMMONLY ASSOCIATED HEALTH SYSTEM CHALLENGES »", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-164", "number": null, "title": "Page 164", "level": 1, "pageStart": 164, "pageEnd": 164, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 324, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "decision-support logic", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "software customization", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user support", "heading": false }, { "term": "development adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "technology adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "initial training", "heading": false }, { "term": "algorithms", "heading": false } ], "extract": "152 Digital implementation investment guide Considerations for cost categories for health worker decision support Cost category Description ONGOING/ALL PHASES Governance Personnel for partnership building and coordination meetings to align with stakeholders (such as Technical Working Group members, implementing partners and MNOs) Meeting costs (transportation, personnel time) Management and staffing Personnel to", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-165", "number": null, "title": "Page 165", "level": 1, "pageStart": 165, "pageEnd": 165, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 488, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "paper-based", "heading": false }, { "term": "infrastructural", "heading": false }, { "term": "delayed", "heading": false }, { "term": "clients", "heading": false }, { "term": "tracking", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision-support", "heading": false }, { "term": "longitudinal", "heading": false } ], "extract": "153 Annexes SUSTAINED OPERATIONS Refresher training and adaptive management Refresher training for health workers interacting with the decision-support system Periodic review meetings to discuss feedback on system performance and challenges Technology maintenance Software maintenance and licence fees Hardware maintenance, including insurance and repair/replacement of hardware Ongoing adaptation and updating of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-166", "number": null, "title": "Page 166", "level": 1, "pageStart": 166, "pageEnd": 166, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 375, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "manual paper-based", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "development adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "data-collection", "heading": false }, { "term": "dual", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision support", "heading": false }, { "term": "tracking", "heading": false }, { "term": "personnel", "heading": false } ], "extract": "154 Digital implementation investment guide RISKS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES Health workers may face the added work burden of operating a dual system when using both a manual/paper-based system and the digital tool. Establish a plan or processes to replace manual/ paper-based systems or account for the dual burden of managing these two systems. Consider local policies on digital identities when designing a programme", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-167", "number": null, "title": "Page 167", "level": 1, "pageStart": 167, "pageEnd": 167, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 309, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "supervisory staff", "heading": false }, { "term": "periodic review", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers interacting", "heading": false }, { "term": "initial training", "heading": false }, { "term": "content adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "discuss feedback", "heading": false }, { "term": "review meetings", "heading": false } ], "extract": "155 Annexes DEPLOYMENT Equipment/ hardware Devices (such as mobile phones and tablets) for operating the decision-support system used by the health workers Security features, such as end-user authentication schemes, passwords and data encryption for recording and sharing client health information Computers for monitoring system performance and viewing reporting dashboards Initial training Development/adaptation of", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-168", "number": null, "title": "Page 168", "level": 1, "pageStart": 168, "pageEnd": 168, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 433, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "mlearning content", "heading": false }, { "term": "training content", "heading": false }, { "term": "educational", "heading": false }, { "term": "certification", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers", "heading": false }, { "term": "times", "heading": false }, { "term": "devices", "heading": false }, { "term": "poor", "heading": false } ], "extract": "156 Digital implementation investment guide INTERVENTION 8: DIGITAL PROVISION OF TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL CONTENT TO HEALTH WORKERS 28 Adapted from Classification of digital health interventions, 2018. DESCRIPTION OF THE DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTION Management and provision of education and training content in electronic form for health professionals; in contrast to decision support, health worker training does not", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-169", "number": null, "title": "Page 169", "level": 1, "pageStart": 169, "pageEnd": 169, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 343, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "refresher training", "heading": false }, { "term": "training content", "heading": false }, { "term": "workers interacting", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user testing", "heading": false }, { "term": "initial training", "heading": false }, { "term": "end-user support", "heading": false }, { "term": "technology adaptation", "heading": false }, { "term": "software integration", "heading": false } ], "extract": "157 Annexes Considerations for cost categories for mLearning Cost category Description ONGOING/ALL PHASES Governance Personnel for partnership building and coordination meetings to align with stakeholders (such as MOH counterparts, other implementing partners and MNOs) Meeting costs (transportation, personnel time) Management and staffing Personnel for system setup and end-user support (such as monitoring stability", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-170", "number": null, "title": "Page 170", "level": 1, "pageStart": 170, "pageEnd": 170, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 367, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "personal", "heading": false }, { "term": "illustrative considerations", "heading": false }, { "term": "sexual", "heading": false }, { "term": "collecting", "heading": false }, { "term": "please", "heading": false }, { "term": "association", "heading": false }, { "term": "collection", "heading": false }, { "term": "privacy", "heading": false } ], "extract": "158 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 5.4 Illustrative considerations to mitigate data management risks The following is a list of illustrative considerations to think through when mitigating risks associated with data management and protecting data privacy broken down by phases: before, during and after data collection. Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and it will have to be reviewed alongside", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-171", "number": null, "title": "Page 171", "level": 1, "pageStart": 171, "pageEnd": 171, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 250, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "subjects", "heading": false }, { "term": "notice", "heading": false }, { "term": "processing", "heading": false }, { "term": "personal", "heading": false }, { "term": "obtain", "heading": false }, { "term": "legal", "heading": false }, { "term": "measures", "heading": false } ], "extract": "159 Annexes DURING DATA COLLECTION 1 ˆ How will you obtain and store the personal data? 2 ˆ Where will personal data be stored? 3 ˆ What measures will be taken to obtain informed consent? 4 ˆ Who will own the data? Will the data subjects have access to their own data? AFTER DATA COLLECTION 1 ˆ Do you expect the personal data to move internationally? How will the data be processed? (This may possible require", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-172", "number": null, "title": "Page 172", "level": 1, "pageStart": 172, "pageEnd": 172, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 120, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "paired", "heading": false }, { "term": "disparate", "heading": false }, { "term": "specifying", "heading": false }, { "term": "depicts", "heading": false } ], "extract": "160 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 6.1 Linking digital health implementations to a national digital health enterprise architecture This template aims to transition the digital health implementation that you have designed to one that links to the broader architectural requirements within an exchanged digital health system architecture. The current state depicts how different systems are currently", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-173", "number": null, "title": "Page 173", "level": 1, "pageStart": 173, "pageEnd": 173, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 124, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "mgmt info", "heading": false }, { "term": "pos application", "heading": false }, { "term": "functional software", "heading": false }, { "term": "registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false }, { "term": "funded", "heading": false } ], "extract": "161 Annexes CURRENT STATE INTER- OPERABILITY LAYER Enabling Components DIGITAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS WITH DIGITAL INTERVENTION FOR: Health programmes / Use cases Health Programme Use Case Health Programme Use Case A B C D EXTERNAL SYSTEMS SHARED SERVICES DATA SERVICES DATA SOURCES Institution-Based HIS & Data Sources Population-Based HIS & Data Sources Analytics, Dashboards, & Digital Aids Digital Health Platform", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-174", "number": null, "title": "Page 174", "level": 1, "pageStart": 174, "pageEnd": 174, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 127, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "mgmt info", "heading": false }, { "term": "pos application", "heading": false }, { "term": "functional software", "heading": false }, { "term": "registry", "heading": false }, { "term": "shared services", "heading": false }, { "term": "funded", "heading": false } ], "extract": "162 Digital implementation investment guide FUTURE STATE INTER- OPERABILITY LAYER Enabling Components DIGITAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS WITH DIGITAL INTERVENTION FOR: Health programmes / Use cases Health Programme Use Case Health Programme Use Case A B C D EXTERNAL SYSTEMS SHARED SERVICES DATA SERVICES DATA SOURCES Institution-Based HIS & Data Sources Population-Based HIS & Data Sources Analytics, Dashboards, & Digital", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-175", "number": null, "title": "Page 175", "level": 1, "pageStart": 175, "pageEnd": 175, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 141, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "recurring", "heading": false }, { "term": "up-front", "heading": false }, { "term": "year", "heading": false }, { "term": "driver", "heading": false }, { "term": "downloaded", "heading": false } ], "extract": "163 Annexes Annex 7.1 Budget template This template can be used to estimate costs across common cost categories outlined in Chapter 7. You may also consider reviewing Annex 5.3 to identify costs for interventions for specific digital health interventions. A digital version may be downloaded here: https://tinyurl.com/DIIGBudgetTemplate. Phase Cost driver Up-front versus recurring Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-176", "number": null, "title": "Page 176", "level": 1, "pageStart": 176, "pageEnd": 176, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 80, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "recurring", "heading": false }, { "term": "year", "heading": false }, { "term": "fixing", "heading": false }, { "term": "driver", "heading": false } ], "extract": "164 Digital implementation investment guide Phase Cost driver Up-front versus recurring Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TOTAL SUSTAINED OPERATIONS Voice and data services (mobile data plan, Internet, number of text messages) Recurring Hardware maintenance, ongoing administration and replacement rate Recurring Subscriptions Recurring Software maintenance (fixing bugs, adding features, maintaining customizations)", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-177", "number": null, "title": "Page 177", "level": 1, "pageStart": 177, "pageEnd": 177, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 385, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "learning log", "heading": false }, { "term": "communications plan", "heading": false }, { "term": "decision-makers", "heading": false }, { "term": "uncertainty", "heading": false }, { "term": "theory", "heading": false }, { "term": "design learning", "heading": false }, { "term": "meetings", "heading": false } ], "extract": "165 Annexes Annex 8.1 Adaptive management checklist This checklist includes specific adaptive management practices that you can integrate into your planning and implementation processes. PLANNING Budget for adaptive management ˆ Ensure there is a dedicated budget for time to implement your adaptive management processes. ˆ Allow for some flexibility in the overall budget to enable course correction as needed. Engage", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-178", "number": null, "title": "Page 178", "level": 1, "pageStart": 178, "pageEnd": 178, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 367, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "course corrections", "heading": false }, { "term": "alternative options", "heading": false }, { "term": "appropriate decision-makers", "heading": false }, { "term": "learning log", "heading": false }, { "term": "uncertainty", "heading": false }, { "term": "acted", "heading": false }, { "term": "rapid", "heading": false }, { "term": "adjustments", "heading": false } ], "extract": "166 Digital implementation investment guide From the M&E plan, identify and map monitoring measures and specific assessments required to assess implementation fidelity, whether outputs are being realized and if risks are arising that need to be mitigated ˆ Identify the feedback frequency that is feasible to allow for rapid identification of potential issues. ˆ Find the appropriate balance between rigorous and rapid", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-179", "number": null, "title": "Page 179", "level": 1, "pageStart": 179, "pageEnd": 179, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 47, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "adaptive management", "heading": false }, { "term": "management guidance", "heading": false }, { "term": "pacific", "heading": false } ], "extract": "167 Annexes Also see the following additional resources: » Guidelines for adaptive management: outcome of the OzAM 2003 workshop, Brisbane. University of Queensland School of Natural and Rural Systems Management; 2004 (https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:84380). » PIMPAC adaptive management guidance. Pacific Islands Managed and Protected Area Community; 2018", "extractCut": true }, { "id": "page-180", "number": null, "title": "Page 180", "level": 1, "pageStart": 180, "pageEnd": 180, "labelStart": null, "labelEnd": null, "words": 68, "summary": null, "keywords": [ { "term": "logic", "heading": false }, { "term": "outputs", "heading": false }, { "term": "inputs", "heading": false } ], "extract": "168 Digital implementation investment guide Annex 8.2 Logic model template Logic models link inputs (programme resources), with processes (activities undertaken in the delivery of services), outputs (products of processes), outcomes (intermediate changes) and impact. 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